Magaibutsu

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Stone Carvings and Sculptures
Magaibutsu 磨崖仏



I found this carving of Fudo Myo-O on Shiraishi Island in the harbour, at a very low level close to the beach.

白石島の磨崖仏（不動明王）
フェリー乗り場のすぐ近くにあります。

Buddhist figures chiseled out of stone, the Magaibutsu of Japan.
They follow in the tradition of the greate figures along the Silk Road, from the un-famous reliefs of Bamiyan in Afganistan to Dunhuang and others in China.

Magaibutsu can be found all over Japan, but maybe the most famous are in Kunisaki in Kyushu.
Read the LINKs given below for more.

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More about the Henro Pilgrimage of Shiraishi
and my STONE links is here:

The Shiraishi Pilgrimage to the 88 Temples of Shikoku


. Magaibutsu from the Kibi Region of Okayama
Bunei Sekibutsu 文英様石仏 Stone Buddhas of the Bunei style .
吉備の文英様石仏　

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magaibutsu　磨崖仏 Also written 摩崖仏. Ch: moyafo.
Also known as magai sekibutsu 磨崖石仏 or 摩崖石仏. A Buddhist image carved into the surface of natural rock such as a cliff face, a large rock, or a stone cave. The rock-face was first polished, and then the image was created with engraved lines *senkoku 線刻 in low relief *ukibori 浮彫 or in high relief takanikubori 高肉彫. Clay was used to model details on the relief carving. Occasionally colors and gold leaf were applied. The surrounding rock was often hollowed out to form an alcove for the figure, so a deeply carved magaibutsu was sometimes known as *butsugan 仏龕, meaning Buddha alcove and a cave temple large enough for people to enter was often referred to as sekkutsu jiin 石窟寺院 or sekkutsuji 石窟寺.
Rock carving flourished in the Han, and Northern and Southern dynasties in China as well as in India, Afghanistan, and Korea.
In Japan magaibutsu never formed the mainstream of Buddhist sculpture, but there are many surviving examples dating from the 7c to 14c. It has been pointed out that popular belief in the living spirit of rocks in Japan was combined with Buddhism and was expressed in magaibutsu. Examples can be found across the country, but Kyuushuu 九州 has the greatest concentration of rock carvings, including the famous stone Buddhas in Usuki 臼杵, Ooita prefecture (11-12c). The images were carved on soft rock such as tuff, a rock formed by the consolidation of volcanic ash and tufa, a porous calcium carbonate rock found around mineral springs.
The late Heian period was regarded as the peak of the magaibutsu, in Japan and Kamakura works were smaller in size, carved on hard stone such as granite, and often unpainted, leaving the natural stone surface. After the 14c, free-standing stone Buddhas *sekibutsu 石仏 became more popular, and fewer magaibutsu were made.
- source : JAANUS -


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source :　facebok

. Ooiwasan Nissekiji 大岩山日石寺 .
達磨不動明王 Daruma Fudo

真言密宗大岩山日石寺 - Toyama

. 北陸三十六不動尊霊場
Hokuriku - 36 Fudo Temples .


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the following part is under construction

. Stones and Daruma san 石とだるまさん 　
Introduction


Magaibutsu 磨崖仏散歩 Stone Cliff Buddhas



I will take this chance to tell you a little about Buddha figures chiseled out of stone, the Magaibutsu of Japan. They follow in the tradition of the greate figures along the Silk Road, from the un-famous reliefs of Bamiyan in Afganistan to Dunhuang and others in China.
磨崖仏はアフガニスタンのバーミアンや中国の敦煌が有名です。
Have a look at the Bamiyan Buddha before it was destroyed.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


Here are some Buddhas from the oasis Dunhuang in China.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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Magaibutsu can be found all over Japan, but maybe the most famous are in Kunisaki 国東半島 in Kyushu. On this HP you can find a lot of information about them, sorted according to areas in Japan, with explanations and access directions.　　　　　　　　　
http://www1.kcn.ne.jp/~yosikatu/index.html


. . . CLICK here for Photos from Kunisaki !


the Magaibutsu in Usuki 臼杵磨崖仏, Kunisaki
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


Gohyaku Rakan 五百羅漢　The 500 Arhats from Kunisaki
Twenty long years were spent by a mason from Hiji-machi Town in carving this. It was done at the order of the 15th chief priest during the latter half of the Edo period. 538 bodies stand close to one another on a slanting surface.
江戸後半にできた538体の羅漢さんです。
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


Stone Buddhas from Kunisaki in Oita prefecture
大分県
Oita has a wealth of Buddhist figures carved into mountainsides and sculpted from stone. The group of 75 figures in the mountainside in the area of Usuki City (the Usuki Magaibutsu) is a National Treasure. The immense Kumano figures (Kumano Magaibutsu at Kitsuki) are also famous, and the 3,770 stone images at the Rakan-ji temple (Nakatsu) attract much attention.

This area was famous for Magaibutsu since the late Heian period. Three medallions of the Kamakura period are visible on the cliff face; they are carved with Sanscrit characters representing Fudo, Comet, and Yakushi. Two additional medallions, now weathered, represent Eclipse and Bishamon. The combination of deities has astronomical and astrological and protective significance, in keeping with the esoteric Buddhist (Tendai) affiliation of the shrine. Buddha figures of various periods are carved near the base of the cliff. 　　　　　　
http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/japan/magaibutsu1.html



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The Kunisaki Peninsular in Oita Prefecture, northern Kyushu, was a major center of Shugendo, the syncretic mountain religion mixing elements of esoteric Buddhism, Daoism, and other forms of mountain "religions". The version practised in Kunisaki was a variant based on Tendai and Hachiman.


Though details differ, most statues of Fudo Myo have him holding a sword in his right hand, a rope in his left, and flames behind.

More glimpses of unfamiliar Japan
- source and more photso : ojisanjake.blogspot.jp


古園磨崖仏（十三仏）Koen Magaibutsu
There is a group of 13 statues, with Dainichi Nyorai in the middle (one of them is Fudo Myo-O:



この大日如来を中心に左右６体づつ、合計１３体並んでおり、１３仏といわれている。向かって右端から、多聞天、隆三世明王 観世音菩薩、普賢菩薩、薬師如来、釈迦如来、中尊が大日如来、弥勒菩薩、阿弥陀如来、文殊菩薩、勢至菩薩、不動明王、増長天と曼陀羅式に彫られている。
ここが臼杵石仏の中心仏である。
- source : sekibutukankocenter.com -


古園石仏群 Koen Sekibutsu
金剛界大日如来坐像を中心に、その左右にそれぞれ如来像2躯、菩薩像2躯、明王像1躯、天部像1躯を配する。尊像構成の意図には諸説あり、金剛界曼荼羅を表したものとする説もある。
- source : wikipedia -


. Jusanbutsu 十三仏 13 Protector Buddhas .



豊後大野 磨崖仏 Bungo Ono Magaibutsu





Fuko-Ji Temple Magaibutsu Cliff-Carved Buddha

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CLICK for enlargement !
source :　facebook

天寧寺 Tennei-Ji
川中不動 Kawanaka Fudo
大分県国東半島 Oitak Kunisaki Hanto
大分県豊後高田市長岩屋



CLICK for enlargement !

- More photos
- source : www.yado.co.jp/kankou/ooita

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Stone Buddhas in Motohakone 　元箱根の石仏

Have a look at this beautiful Jizoo Bosatsu of stone.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



The Big Yakushi Buddha at the Nihon-ji Temple in Nokogiriyama, Chiba Prefecture. He is 31 meters high. This temple is easily reached from Tokyo by ferryboat from Kurihama to Kanaya and then up the Nokogiri mountain by cablecar.
The whole area with its many stone statues is well worth a daytrip.
千葉県の日本時にも観音様の磨崖仏やこの薬師さまが印象的です。久里浜から金谷のフェリボートで簡単に行けますから、ぜひ見にいってください。
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


. asekaki Fudo 汗かき不動 sweating Fudo .
at Nokogiriyama


Read more details HERE

Magaibutsu, Buddhas carved in Stone Cliffs
Mark Schumacher


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春雨や　確かに見たる　石の精
harusame ya tashika ni mitaru ishi no sei

spring rain -
I really saw this
spirit of the stone
Tr. Gabi Greve

. Murakami Kijoo 村上鬼城 Murakami Kijo .


Read Hugh Bygott about this haiku:
TWENTIETH CENTURY JAPANESE PHILOSOPHICAL HAIKU


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青蔦のがんじがらめに磨崖仏
aotsuta no ganji garame ni magaibutsu

the vine creeper
has completely wrapped it -
cliff Buddha

Shoobu Ayame 菖蒲あや

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Oita Prefecture
Kumano Magaibutsu Fudo Myo-O
This one is about 8 meters high and the largest in Japan.
熊野磨崖仏
胎蔵寺から２５０ｍ登ると、鬱蒼と茂る森の中に、不動明王（８ｍ）と大如来（６．８ｍ）が姿を現します。磨崖仏としては我が国最大級のものといわれています。


© PHOTO :　www.pref.oita.jp





Click thumbnails for more photos !

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Fudo Cliff Statue

at Temple Fuko-Ji (Fukoo-Ji 普光寺), Urasa 浦佐, Niigata pref.
Also a Naked Festival of this temple.


. Tomikawa Magaibutsu 富川磨崖仏 Tomikawa Cliff Buddha .
mimidare Fudo 耳だれ不動 "Fudo with hanging earlobes".

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一山の枯れの中なる磨崖仏
hitoyama no kare no naka naru magaibutsu

in the middle
of this withered mountain forest -
cliff Buddha

Shoobuke Kazuo 正部家一夫
Tr. Gabi Greve


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Iwa no Mi (岩の身) "Body of Rock"
This teaching was made famous by the legendary Miyamoto Musashi.
It describes a warrior who remains calm and imperturbable in all circumstances. There is a famous story regarding this saying. It seems that this saying became very famous in Japan, and naturally people became interesting as to what Musashi actually meant by "Iwa no Mi".

So it happened that one day a lord came to call upon Musashi and inquire what his teaching actually meant?
Musashi immediately summoned one of his deshi, Terao Ryuma Suke, and ordered him to commit seppuka instantly. The deshi instantly dropped to his knees, opened his kimono exposing his midsection, drew out his wakizashi and without hesitation began to thrust the blade into his belly. Musashi rapidly reached down and grasped his student's arm stopping him at the last second from carrying out his command of suicide. Musashi then looked at his quest and replied "This is the body of a rock". The lord took several steps back, bowed several times, and scurried on his way.

Historically, this story is actually recorded in the "Terao Ka Ki" 寺尾家記 the chronicle of the house of Terao.

- Shared by Steve Weiss -
Joys of Japan, July 2012

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. Stones and Daruma san 石とだるまさん 　
Introduction


. Stone Daruma ... my PHOTO ALBUM



Stone Buddhas
石仏 ishibotoke, sekibutsu . . . and HAIKU


Wayside Gods in Stone
道祖神　Doosojin (Doososhin, Dosojin Dososhin)


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White Fudo

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Fudo with white eyes , Mejiro Fudo 目白不動
White Fudo, Shiro-Fudo 白不動

shirofudo, shiro fudoo
Mejiro Fudo Tokyo Temple Kinjoo-In 金乗院 Kinjo-In
目白不動「金乗院」　豊島区高田2-12-39


source - tomiaki/goshiki/mejiro


. 関東三十六不動霊場 - Kanto
36 Fudo Temples in Kanto / Bando .
Nr. 14 関東三十六不動霊場十四番札所

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- quote





倶梨伽羅不動庚申 Kurikara sword


hengaku 扁額 temple name plate

- source : http://4travel.jp/travelogue


. hengaku 扁額 temple name plates .

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関東三十六不動霊場十四番札所
神霊山　慈眼寺　金乗寺
寛永年中、三代将軍家光公は、特に当山の本尊断臂不動明王に「目白」の号を贈り、江戸五街道守護の五色不動（青・黄・赤・白・黒）のひとつとし、以後は目白不動明王と称することになった。またそのあたり一帯を目白台と呼ぶ事となった。現存する「目白」の各地名は、いずれも目白不動明王に由来するものである。これ以後、本尊目白不動明王は江戸三不動の第一位、東部五色不動の随一として名高く、江戸の人々の篤い帰依を受けた。爾来現今に至るまで各地より参詣が絶えず、殊に護身、厄除け眼病治療の不動尊として信仰を集めている。

新長谷寺と号していた目白不動堂は金乗院の東1ｋｍ程の高台（文京区関口駒井町）にあり、元禄年中には五代将軍綱吉公とその母桂昌院が深く帰依して堂塔伽藍も壮麗を極めたが、惜しくも太平洋戦争の戦火で全焼した。奇しくも秘仏のまま難を免れた目白不動尊は、北に目白の台地を背負い、南に神田川上水が流れ、西に遥かに富嶽を望む絶好の福地を相応の地とし、滔々と霊泉の涌き出る密教相応の霊地である、ここ金乗院を卜して遷座奉安された。ここに新長谷寺は金乗院に合併し、その本尊・目白不動明王も移されたのである。
http://www.isbs.co.jp/hudou/hudou14.htm

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Mejiro the White Eye, Konjo-in temple

Mejiro Fudo is the greatest of the Five-Color-Edo Fudos. Successive Tycoons of the Edo shogunate worshiped devoutly. Many samurai and people believed in Mejiro Fudo.
The statue of the Mejiro Fudo is an important and special Buddist image. Its left arm is cut under its left elbow. Fire spurts out from the elbow.

The statue of Mejiro Fudo was moved from Sekiguchi Bunkyo-ku to Konjo-in temple because of fire by World War II on May, 1945.
http://shrike-tramway.hp.infoseek.co.jp/photograph_palace/photo_24_tenchi_english.htm

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Mejiro Fudo Gansho Temple Osaka

The temple is known for having been built by its worshippers. The principal image was directly and elaborately carved out of an 800-year-old camphor tree. The precincts are also known for beautiful ume (Japanese apricot) blossoms.



Copyright (c) Tondabayashi city
http://www.city.tondabayashi.osaka.jp/foreign/culture/index.html

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The Red Inkstone Akama

Origin of the name
There is a story of the god, Mejiro Fudo Myo-o, who is enshrined at the old Seian-ji Temple in Sanyo-cho, Asa-gun, Yamaguchi prefecture. In this story Myo-o visited a man named Nizaemon, who lived in Ohko Sanyo-chohara, in his dream.
Myo-oh appeared and told him that there was suzuri somewhere.

He made a suzuri out of that suzuri and gave it to the domain lord Mori and given a authority to sell it to other countries. Because this rock (shale) contains iron oxide and it makes the stone color redder than normal ones.
This is why it is called "Akamaishi-red stone" and therfore, inc slab is called "Akama Suzuri- red ink-slab." One of other versions of story says it is called "Akama Suzuri", because they were mainly sold at Akamagaseki in Shimonoseki.

More about Kusunoki Town Outside Link.

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White Fudo Statue at Takamizu San
浪切白不動明王

http://homepage3.nifty.com/takamizusan-sisimai/takamizusan-engi.html

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Temple Kongoo-Ji , Aome, Tokyo
真言宗豊山派　青梅山　金剛寺
東京都青梅市,　天ヶ瀬町１０３２

本尊　：　白不動明王
http://www.hananotera.or.jp/a_kongouji.htm

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This is a Picture Of A Contemporary White Fudo Myo'o



During my Karate days we use to sit in a Karate stance called the Fudo dachi (immovable stance) call the Fudo Dachi. The White image of Fudo Myo' O is adopted by many martial arts and Karate schools.
During my study of karate we learned of the Buddhist God Fudo myo'o. However never in my years as a Nichiren Shoshu Buddhist did I realize that this deity was written on the Gohonzon.

Please understand that White Martial arts schools transform this deity to their culture however the minute an African or African/American claim or associate with this deity we are called racist. People often say what difference does it make? By my personally looking at the traditional Black Fudo Myo'o and the White one I get a different spirit.

This White Fudo myo'o reminds me of the wrestler and now Governor of Minnesota Jesse "The Body" Ventura. There is nothing wrong with a White Fudo Myo'o but the minute you say that he is white, then we are called racist. http://www.proudblackbuddhist.org/There_are_Two_Black_Buddhas_on/Untitled_6.html


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made from 尾州桧材　Owari Hinoki pine wood
With a Garuda bird in the halo. 迦楼羅の火焔光背
Katsura Taniguchi, Kyoto 京仏商谷口
京都府京都市西京区桂下豆田町22-3　
- source : www.katsura-taniguchi.net


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Black-eyed Fudo
O-Fudo-Sama in Japan: Meguro Fudo Temple

Black Fudo 黒不動明王


White (shiroi) Haiku and the Color WHITE

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. 関東三十六不動霊場 - Kanto
36 Fudo Temples in Kanto / Bando .

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Mudra of Fudo

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Mudra, Mudrā of Fudo Myo-O
(hand gestures, postures, emblems)



不動明王印 Fudo Myo-O no In

More about the hand positions and gestures of Buddha statues.

Daruma Mudra




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I came across another unusual Fudo Myo. This statue is at the base of the steps leading up to Ryuzoji, and as you can see he has absolutely nothing in either hand. His hands appear to be in a mudra, which are the hand positions that Buddhas and other Buddhist deities use, often to indicate the nature of the particular figure. Mudras are also used as a meditation technique. ...
- source : Jake Ojisan -


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There are 14 mudra signs attributed to Fudo Myo-O in various Sutras :

01 needle sign, one-legged sign, mystic mudra
02 treasure mountain mudra
03 head mudra
04 eye mudra
05 mouth mudra

06 mind symbol
07 back manual sign, shiso kaji in　印
08 shishi funjin sign (a lion at bay) 分身不動
09 fire-flame manual sign
10 kaen rinshi manual sign, cessation of fire

11 sankha manual sign
12 khadga sword manual sign, removes disaster
13 noose manual sign
14 three-legged diamond manual sign

- Reference : Sampa Biswas -


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- #fudomudra #mudrafudo -
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Kujaku Myo-O

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Peacock Wisdom King 孔雀明王 Kujaku Myo-O
梵語名:マハーマーユーリー
Skt. Mahamayuri

Mahamayuri vidyarajni : The peacock goddess of wisdom
In his female aspect also defined as : Kujaku Bosatsu

Wards off evil from poisoning or calamity; prayed to in times of drought, poisoning, and disaster; rides a peacock (in India, the peacock is famous for eating poisonous snakes); one face, four arms.
Mark Schumacher on Kujaku Myo-O


Peacock Myo'o (Mayura Vidyaraja)
This work depicts an unusual form of a Myo'o (Vidyaraja), descending from Heaven on a peacock accompanied by clouds. This figure, with its three faces and six arms, differs from the Japanese style Kujaku Myo'o (Mayura Vidyaraja), which usually has one face and four arms. In contrast to the central face, which suggests a merciful disposition, the side faces appear fierce.

孔雀明王 Kujaku Myo-O
. Kyoto National Museum .

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くじゃくみょうおう
仏教のうちでも神秘性を重んじる密教（みっきょう）という宗派で信仰されたホトケさまの絵には、ふだん見慣れない不思議な絵があります。鳥の上にすわっていたり、ライオンの冠をかぶっていたり、火炎を背負っていたり。手の数も二本ではなく、何本もあったりします。なかでも「明王（みょうおう）」という怒りの表情をとるホトケの一群は、密教特有のものでした。



孔雀明王像　＜安楽寿院＞

孔雀明王 Kujaku Myo-O
. Kyoto National Museum .

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More about Rain Rituals (amagoi, kiu あまごい 祈雨)　

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Kujaku (Mahaa Mayuuri)

Der "Pfauen-Myoo-oo".

Hat als einziger Myo-O einen milden, barmherzigen Gesichtsausdruck und eine Figur wie ein weiblicher Bosatsu. In alten Schriften auch "Makamayuri" genannt.

Sutra: Butsumo Daikujaku Myo-O Kyoo.

Neutralisiert Schlangengift (Pfau frißt Giftpflanzen, giftige Tiere und Giftschlangen); heilt auch Fieber und Schmerzen und die Unsicherheit des Herzens. Schützt vor Naturkatastrophen.

In Japan als Gottheit für Regenzauber (kiu) verehrt.

Dieser Myo-O ist der älteste von allen Myo-O-Gottheiten. Die älteste Statue in Japan (Nara-Zeit) findet sich in der Goldenen Halle im Tempel Saidaiji in Nara.

Ikonografie:
Ein freundliches Gesicht, vier Arme. Keine flammenartigen Haare sondern Hohe Krone. Hält geöffnete Lotusblüte, Granatapfel, Buddha-Frucht sowie fünfschweifige Pfauenfeder in den Händen.
Reitet auf einem Lotussockel auf einem Pfau mit einem Nimbus aus Pfauenfedern.

Quoted from my book
Buddhastatuen - Who is Who

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................... HAIKU 俳句



a white peacock
under cherry blossoms -
visiting the zoo

© Gabi Greve

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in a spring breeze
spreading his tail
peacock

(harukaze ni / hane hirogetaru / kujaku kana)

Masaoka Shiki

Read a discussion about translating this haiku:
Peacock, Kujaku Haiku

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo

monsoon clouds array
on the car front glass ~
a peacock's loud cry

Narayanan Raghunathan, India


New crop waves
Walks like a peacock
Village damsel

(Punjabi, Satyanand Jaya)
http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/arts/new-age-fiction/satori.asp

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo

PEACOCK Haiku Club, Kenya

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo

Around here (Chesapeake Bay, USA), the peacocks spreading their tales would be an early summer kigo, as that is the mating season. Take this from me, who was once a zookeeper and has shoveled quite a lot of peacock manure!

azure summer
peacocks rattle their tail feathers
peahens ignore them

Peacocks not only spread their tales, but they shiver, which causes the tail feathers to rattle. The rattle of the feathers is a distinctive sound and is part of the mating ritual -- the peacocks are trying to attract attention. Most of the time the hens don't seem very interested. Nonetheless, the cocks must be successful because a few weeks later there will be scores of nests with eggs, and then the chicks hatch. Each hen will lay 3 - 12 eggs most of which will live.
Then the hens will parade with their chicks in a line.

I stop abruptly,
too much traffic!
a peahen with seven chicks.

There must have been a hundred or more of the peafowl. What an amazing sight to see them roosting in the oak trees, strolling the paths, and everywhere! Peafowl do not fly, but they jump and glide and in this manner can get quite high up in the trees. The largest of the cocks must have been around thirty pounds, and I occasionally saw him up a tree. They almost never hurry, even when they are getting a running start to jump and glide. I have seen them stroll up to a fence then suddenly leap five feet up.

blue, green and silver,
trees full of living jewels--
a flock of wild peacocks

The peafowl flock is the descendants of a pair that were bought as living lawn ornaments back in the 50s. The zoo was a farm then. The peafowl found it to their liking and have multiple and naturalized. People might think it strange that these 'tropical' birds survive our winters, but the peacock is really nothing more than the Asian turkey. Biologically they are very closely related to the North American wild turkey, eating the same foods and suffering from the same disorders.

Unaware that they
are living lawn ornaments,
peacocks stroll the grounds.

Among Native Nations in this area, the tail feathers of the wild turkey were (and still are) used to make feather cloaks. The feather cloak is the badge of office for a Lenape chief, and having seen a chief in his cloak, I can assure you, such a cloak is an extraordinarily beautiful thing! The duties of a Native chief are those of leadership, protection, and compassion for his people, so I see a parallel with the myoo.

December morning,
wild peacocks roosting
among the oak trees.

M. Kei
Editor of the Chesapeake Bay Saijiki, USA

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Peacock　and apple blossoms
Bairei Kono (1844-1895)


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..................More Peacock KIGO

peacock butterfly, kujakuchoo　孔雀蝶
Kigo for all spring

peacock flies, fruit flies, kujakubae, shoojoobae 孔雀蝿,ショウジョウバエ
Kigo for all summer


Marigold, (Peacock plant) kujakusoo　孔雀草
harushagiku 波斯菊（はるしゃぎく）"Persian chrysanthemum"
janomesoo 蛇の目草（じゃのめそう）"snake eye plant"
koo oo soo 紅黄草（こうおうそう）
manjugiku 万寿菊（まんじゅぎく）"long live chrysanthemum"
marigoorudo マリーゴールド Marigold, Tagetes

kigo for late summer


. Marigold garlands in India .


. - The Six Birds of Paradise - 浄土の鳥 - .


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Ta no Kami Yama no Kami

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. Ta no Kami 田の神 God of the Fields .
. Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Moutain .
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Ta no Kami, God of the Rice Fields　田の神さま

paddy field kami, god of the rice paddies, spirit of the rice field
sanbai さんばい, see below.



In rural areas the polar structure of the cult of the field- or mountain deity (ta no kami / yama no kami) plays an important role. Before the spring sowing the figure of the deity is carried from the woods above the village to the house, where it is set up in the cult niche (tokonoma) to preside over a festive banquet.

Finally it is carried to a particular place in the fields, from where it will protect the growing rice. In autumn the festival procedure is reversed.

The Shinto cult system is evidently rooted in Japanese prehistory. Its origins must be seen essentially in pre-Buddhistic agricultural rites (e.g. ta no kami/ yama no kami) and territorial village- or clan-cults (uji, ujigami).
http://home.worldcom.ch/negenter/410JapHouseTxE2.html

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Yama no Kami　山の神 has only one eye
Amanomahitotsu no kami　天目一箇神（あめのまひとつのかみ）
Amatsumara 天津麻羅


source :　google.co.jp

- quote -
Amatsumara 天津麻羅
Other names: Amenomahitotsu no kami (Kogo shūi)
A kami of ironworking (kajishin).
Kojiki states that as the blacksmith of the Plain of High Heaven, Amatsumara was called upon to refine the iron used for making mirrors, using the "hard rocks of heaven" and the "metal mountain of heaven" located above the "Tranquil River of Heaven" (Amenoyasukawa). Together with Ishikoridome, he was said to have assisted in the making of the mirror used to lure Amaterasu from her hiding place in the rock cave of heaven. The name Amatsumara means ma-ura ("eye divination"), which some believe means "one-eyed," a reference to an occupational hazard of blacksmiths.

Kogo shūi describes Amatsumara as a follower of Futodama; it also states that at the time of Amaterasu's hiding away in the rock cave of heaven, Amenomahitotsu no kami ("the one-eyed kami of heaven") was assigned to make metal weapons, and that during the reign of Emperor Sujin, the descendants of that kami were, together with the descendants of Ishikoridome, put in charge of recasting the divine mirror and sword.

According to an "alternate writing" included in Nihongi, Amenomahitotsu was designated by Takamimusuhi as a metalworker to serve the kami of Izumo. From these incidents, Amenomahitotsu is recognized as the same kami as Amatsumara.

According to Sendai kuji hongi, among the gods who subjected themselves to Ninigi at the time of his descent from heaven (tenson kōrin) were kami named Amatsumara or Amatsumaura. Nihongi's record of the reign of Emperor Suizei likewise mentions the name Yamato no Kanuchi Amatsumaura is mentioned. The name Amatsuma(u)ra refers to the ancestral tutelary (sojin) of the blacksmith occupational groups, and was apparently also used as a common name.
- source : Mori Mizue, 2005, Kokugakuin

This deity with one eye and one leg comes to the fields to protect them before the harvest, now in the form of a kakashi, with one leg and one eye.
Even the modern yellow plastic balloons with one black ring, which hang in the fields, are a modern version of this deity with one eye.




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Noto Peninsula 能登半島 Noto Hantoo

ae no koto, aenokoto あえのこと / アエノコト / 饗事
Entertaining the God of the Fields

Nowadays there are few families who continue this ritual, which is passed on from father to son. It is an intangible cultural property of Japan and the UNESCO.



On November 5 of the old lunar calendar, now December 5, the God of the Fields is invited into the home by the elder of the family, clad in formal hakama trousers and a robe with the family crest. He gets a great offering from the harvest. The elder sits in front of the tokonoma, where a scroll with the blind deity is hung. He tells him all the things. One important item is a two-pronged large radish, to symbolize fertility. All food offerings are given in two portions, for the God of the Fields and his Wife. There are two sets of chopsticks for the deities.

The God of the Fields partakes of the meal and is then ushered to the bathroom, to take a bath. Again, the elder tells him all the things in the place and then lets him enjoy the bath. He is then taken back to the living room and resides in the tokonoma. The whole family partakes of the offered meal now.

The God of the Fields resides with the family until the next year, on the 9th day of the first lunar month, now February 9.

On this day, the god receives the New Year greetings, gets another bath and is then shown out of the house to the field. The elder takes a sacred pine twig and a flask of sake to the fields.

On the next day, Feburary 10, the elder performs the ritual of the first hoe

. kuwa hajime, kuwahajime 鍬始
kuwa matsuri　鍬祭り　festival of the hoe

and on the next day, February 11, the　
tauchi shoogatsu 田打正月（たうちしょうがつ）
ritual New Year ploughing


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The Field Gods of Kagoshima, Kyushu
鹿児島の田の神さあ　ta no kansaa
tanokamisaa ta no kamisaa
Ta no Kami and their counterpart, Yama no Kami, the God of the mountains are popular all over Japan. Usually in Winter the Field God retreats to the mountains and comes back in Spring.
In Kyushu, the Ta no kansaa 田の神さあ is still venerated in more than 300 communities. In some areas, he is not only responsible for the fertility of the fields but also the humans. It is custom to carry a stone statue of the God to a couple that has just married and leave the stone statue there for one year. He sits in the Tokonoma, the alcove, and is venerated every day.

After one year, when hopefully the first sone of the couple has been born, he is carried off in a humorous festival to the next couple that has just married. He has his face and features colored anew and then is placed in a bamboo carrier decorated with seasonal flowers in the yard of the house. The unmarried men under 25 of the village, dressed in female cloths, with huge hats and painted their face black, dance around the statue. Then they smear the faces of all visitors black too and finally carry off the statue.
The black face will protect the people from eveil during the following year.

The statue is first carried back to the field, where the dancing goes on and the deity can recover its fertile powers. The god is than carried through the village again and finally in the evening brought to the home of a newly-wed couple, where he will reside and work his wonders for another year.

We saw a young couple with a baby and the young father told about his parents, who also had the same stone statue in the house when he was born. Thus the village tradition is well alive these days.

Gabi Greve (seen at NHK, April 10, 2006)

. Lava Figures from Kagoshima .



Dancing in the fields
鹿児島県 祁答院町麓西




The newly wed with black faces



http://www.maff.go.jp/soshiki/koukai/muratai/21j/no1/mura21.html

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Read inJapanese about "Ta no Kansaa"
with many more photos.

Ta no Kansaa in Kagoshima




Ta no Kami of the Nishida Fields
西田の田の神さあ
姶良郡姶良町下名西田



http://www.d1.dion.ne.jp/~itaru_/tanokami4.htm

Yoshikatsu also has a great site about Stone Buddhas
よしかつ　の石仏HP
http://www1.kcn.ne.jp/~yosikatu/

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The belief in the Ta no Kami might be related to the WOLF lore in Japan.

... there seems also to have existed a belief that if one encountered an okami (wolf) on a mountain and "treated him kindly", he would bestow kindness in return, and protect the man against other dangers. This may have to do with the belief, current in many parts of Japan, that the okami is a messenger of the gods, especially also of Yama-no-kami, the Mountain-deity, who during agricultural activities of the humans descends from her mountain residence to act as Ta-no-kami, the Field-deity.

(While commonly conceived as a female, Yama-no-kami may at times be a male; as usual with kami, the sex is variable.) Possibly as Yama-no-kami/Ta-no-kami's messenger, the wolf was thought of as a kind of protector of the rice against evil goblins.

[In Central Java a "wer tiger" guards the plantations at night against the destructive wild pigs; in the Yucatan the balams (magicians) took on an animal shape to guard the corn-fields!] No doubt originally similar ideas applied to both as Ta-no-kami's wolf and Inari-san's fox, depending on locality.

From:
Fox and badger and other witch animals of Japan
by U.A. Casal

Read more here
http://www.swampfox.demon.co.uk/utlah/Articles/japwolf.html



noogami 農神 / ノウガミ様 - obosuna sama オボスナ様 / おぼすな様 Ubusuna deity
deity for agriculture, especially the rice fields
. Sake 酒 rice wine for regional rituals .

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Yama no Kami 山の神, God of the Mountain,
God of the Forest

The farmhouse is a temple between the fields and the woods.
The fields stand for the work of cultivation, the woods are untamed nature.

The polar pattern of the cult of the field-and-forest god (ta no kami - yama no kami, where yama is the wooded slope above the village, so that the interpretation of "mountain god" would be wrong) provides the basic pattern and the framework for the whole calendar of festivals of the rice year (inasaku-girei).

Read the full story here:
JAPANESE RICE CULTURE, by Nold Egenter


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................ Haiku 俳句

Related Kigo for Late Spring

preparing a seat for the Field God,
..... ta no kami no koshikake 田の神の腰掛

Ceremony of Opening the Water Channels
..... mizuguchi matsuri 水口祭

Ceremony for the Seeds
..... tane matsuri 種祭
..... nawashiro matsuri　苗代祭


A Haiku Collection called Ta no Kami
from Mizuta Mitsuo
水田光雄 『田の神』句集

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo


田の神へ一番刈りの稲供ふ　　　
ta no kami e ichiban kari no ine sonau

to the god of the field
we offer this first
bundel of rice

山本悦子 　Yamamoto　Etsuko
http://www.ibukinet.jp/topix/topix07.html

(Tr. Gabi Greve)

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx


田の神の眠りを醒ますとんどかな
ta no kami no nemuri o samasu tondo kana

awakening the
god of the fields -
fire offerings

河本秀也 Kawamoto Hideya
http://www.nhk.or.jp/haiku/html/haiku18-2-25.htm

(Tr. Gabi Greve)

TONDO: Read my explanation about Sankuroo and Daruma　
三九郎とだるま
dondoyaki, tondoyaki

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Related Kigo for early summer




sanbai oroshi さんばい降し (さんばいおろし)
calling the god of the fields
sanbai matsuri さんばい祭（さんばいまつり）festival for the god of the fields
sanbai okuri さんばい送り（さんばいおくり）
sanbai machi さんばい待ち（さんばいまち） waiting for the god of the fields

sanbai is another name for the "god of the fields", mostly used in Western Japan.
His father is supposed to be the deity of fire (hi no kami), the mother is the deity of the spirit of the water. This god has only one leg.
The bamboo measure stick for planting rice is his symbol.
This festival is also a rice-planting festival, sometimes the men fight in the mud.




sanbai 三拝 is also made as a statue representing the deity, made of bamboo, looking like a whisk (sasara ささら（簓） ). Placed in the middle of the rice paddy, it is offered ricewine, rice cakes and side dishes (sakana　肴）. Sometimes it is placed at the entrance of the irrigation waterway. Special songs are offered and then all participants have a feast.
Some regions offer a dance to the deities (kagura) to pray for a good harvest.


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Related Kigo for mid-summer


. satsuki imi 五月忌 さつきいみ
Absention, abstinence in Satsuki 　
Satsuki is the name for the fifth month of the lunar calendar.
Now 6 Jun – 6 Jul. This is the season of rice planting and welcoming the god of the fields.



. taichuu no majinai 退虫の呪 (たいちゅうのまじない)
spell against insects
On the eighth day of the fourth lunar month. This day was the one when the god of the mountain came back down to the fields for the rice-growing season and was celebrated in many regions.


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The God of the Mountain, 山神
often revered as a simple stone monument in rural Japan.

Related Kigo for early winter

yama no kami matsuri 山の神祭 (やまのかみまつり)
festival for the god of the mountain
yama no maki koo 山の神講（やまのかみこう）prayer group for the god of the mountain
..... yama no koo 山の講（やまのこう）
yama no ko matsuri 山の講祭（やまのこまつり）
festival of the prayer group for the god of the mountain
Held in the winter months at various shrines.

The prayer groups consisted of people who worked in the mountains. They had offerings twice a year, in early spring to open the season and in early winter to give thanks for the year.


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Related observance kigo for the New Year

kagihiki shinji 鉤引神事 (かぎひきしんじ)
ritual of pulling with hooks
..... 鉤引（かぎひき）pulling with hooks

Ritual to honor the deity of the mountain, in various mountain regions of Japan, especially in Nara, Mie and Kumamoto.
Sometimes the number of hooks corresponds to the number of male persons in a family.
Early in the morning of January 7 they offer ritual food and pray to the deity for wealth. Then a tug of war with the hooked branches starts.


source :　chiiki/yamamiya23
From Takamatsu, Shikoku

quote
Tug of War KAGIHIKI in Kumamoto
Traditional spring festivals known as kagihiki (tug-of-war with wooden poles) are held around the Osumi Peninsula in Kagoshima Prefecture. Across the different regions of the peninsula there are many similarities in the methods of practicing kagihiki, but there are also many differences. The differences may tell us about the evolution of kagihiki.

The spring festival known as Uchiue-matsuri goes like this: a Shinto priest and his ujiko (shrine parishoners) ‘cultivate’ the grounds of the shrine, acting as if they were rice fields; they cultivate the ground using an ox plow (called a moga) and ‘sow’ rice seeds to pray for a good harvest. Kagihiki is part of this festival.

There are several types of kagihiki.
In one type, a pair of forked or trident branches or young trees are cut and shaped into two long kagi (poles with hooked ends), a male kagi and a female kagi; these are then hooked together and a large number of people compete in a tug-of-war. In another type, a pair of short kagi is used in a tug-of-war involving a small number of people.
Another variation involves the hooking together of kagi but there is no tug of war — instead they are dragged around the shrine grounds. In one further variation, there is no differentiation between the male kagi and the female kagi, but there is a tug-of-war involving a large number of people.

Many regions have discontinued the spring festival due to the shortage of participants and even stopped practicing kagihiki. However, today there are still eight regions where kagihiki is carried out. From survey reports of these continuing events, we will examine the differences between them in order to clarify the evolution of kagihiki.
by Teruo Setoguchi
source : www.jstage.jst.go


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Sai no kami no kanjin
幸の神の勧進 (さいのかみのかんじん)
Praying to the God of the Fields

On January 15.
This custom is mostly followed in the Tohoku region.
People come to the Dosojin at the village entrance and pray for protection from evil influence.


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................................. Read more here :


Japanese Rice Fields and Haiku


The God of Water and Haiku about Water


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Related kigo for early winter

. tookanya 十日夜 (とおかんや) night of the tenth 　
(tenth day of the tenth lunar month)
Harvest thanksgiving for the god of the fields,
celebrated in Eastern and Northern Japan.
(nowadays around November 15)
It was a full-moon day of old.


and

inoko mochi 亥の子餅（いのこもち）
rice cakes for the wild boar festival
(also a kigo for late autumn)
They were prepared in the hour of the boar and eaten as a harvest thanksgiving. This a custom coming from China.
Festival of Marishi Ten and the Wild Boar.


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. Aso Shrine Festivals 阿蘇神社
hiburi matsuri 火振り祭 (ひぶりまつり)
"fire-swinging festival"
Aso Shrine, Kumamoto

The origin of this ritual goes back to welcoming the god of the fields back in spring, to greet his wife (goze mukae 御前迎え(ごぜむかえ) .


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. The Japanese Rice Culture -
die Reiskultur Japans. .


. WASHOKU
nogamisama, noo no kamisama 農神様 God of the Farmers
and ukiuki dango ウキウキ団子 as offerings


. Doosojin 道祖神 the Wayside Gods .

. Sake Legends and Buddhist Temples　酒とお寺 .

. Ta no Kami - Legends .

. Yama no Kami - Legends .


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- #tanokami #yamanokami -
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Pendant Mandala

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Mandala Pendant

Eight Buddhas and the Heart Sutra in the Middle
A Pendant for your personal protection.
Fudo is Nr. 7 on the left side.



般若心経入刻開運ペンダント

宝珠山　大観音寺

Dai Kannon-Ji Temple, Mie Prefecture
This temple offers a lot of other attractions.

〒515-2621　三重県津市白山町
TEL：059(262)1717（代）
http://www.daikannon.or.jp/


十二支の御守本尊と般若心経の不思議な守護力

数ある経典の中でもっとも短く簡潔で、宗派をこえて広く尊ばれているのが 「般若心経」です。字数にしてわずか二百七十六文字ですが、これは莫大な「大般若経」 の内容を凝縮した最も有り難い経典であり功徳の大きいお経といわれています。 昔から、これを念誦しもしくは写経をすれば自ら悪い因縁が即滅するといわれ、また 大願心を起こしたとき、これを毎日読誦又は写経をしながら祈願すれば、いかなる難事たりとも 成就するといわれております。

今回特別領布する開運ペンダントは、昔から開運と厄除、諸願 成就の御仏として親しまれ信仰されている生まれ年による十二支の御守本尊に、更に般若心経 の功徳をプラスしたもので、この開運ペンダントを肌身離さず念持すれば、あらゆる願い事が かなえられ、運が開け、幸せになるといわれています。どうか、ご家族全員が、御仏のご加護の もとに二度とない人生を光り輝くものとされますようお祈りいたします。
http://www.daikannon.or.jp/omamori/pendant.html

Detail of Fudo



Daikannonji Temple
A bizarre statue park where replicas of famous European and American statues (like Statue of Liberty) are arranged alongside Buddhist statues and statues of cats playing musical instruments!
You can see most of the park if you look over the platform at Sakakibara Onsen guchi Station when you're catching the train towards Ise-Nakagawa.
http://miejets.org/jet/town.php?place=Hakusan

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The Bronze Statue of Daruma from this Temple
やるき達磨の銅像


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. MORE
Pendants and O-Mamori with Fudo Myo-O 　



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Yellow Fudo

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Yellow Fudo, Ki Fudo　黄不動明王
Fudo with Yellow Eyes, Meki Fudo 目黄不動


Manshuuin 曼殊院 Manju-In (Manshu-In)

A Heian Period painting of Fudo Myo shows the muscled "immovable" guardian of Buddha's doctrine, wide-eyed and grimacing, sword at the ready, in strange uplighting to emphasize his otherworldly nature.

Saicho, Dengyo Daishi 伝教大師最澄
Quoted from the Saicho Exhibition, TNM 2006

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目黄不動明王　 Meki Fudo Myo-o


. 六軒町の目黄不動 Rokkenmachi no Meki Fudo
- Fudo with Yellow Eyes .
五大山 Godaisan 　不動院 Fudo-In
東京都港区六本木三丁目15－４ Tokyo Minatoku.
麻布不動坂の一願不動さん Azabu Fudozaka no Ichigan Fudo

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Manshuuin 曼殊院 Manju-In (Manshu-In),
京都府京都市左京区一乗寺竹ノ内町42 - Kyoto



Ki Fudo 黄不動 Yellow Fudo


source :　watashinouta.at.webry.info


- shared by Masayoshi, facebook

- Homepage of the temple Manshu-In
- source : www.manshuinmonzeki.jp

. 近畿三十六不動尊巡礼
Pilgrimages to 36 Fudo Temples in Kinki .
Nr. 17 - 近畿三十六不動尊第十七番


- quote
Manshuuin Monzeki 曼殊院門跡 Manshu-In Monzeki
is a large temple located next to the Shugakuin Imperial Villa in the north east of Kyoto. Manshuin was established in the 8th century by Dengyo Daishi, who also founded Enryaku-ji (延暦寺) and is credited for starting the Tendai sect of Buddhism. Manshuin was originally called 'Tobibo' and was built near Enryaku-ji on Mt. Hiei. Around 1108 it changed its name to Manshuin. Then, 500 years later at the beginning of the Edo period, the temple was moved to its current location when Prince Ryosho was the abbot. It is he who designed the garden and gave the buildings the Shoin style, also found on the Katsura Imerial Villa (he was prince, after all...)

Manshuin has a great number of beautifully painted sliding doors (襖 fusuma) and panels, with each room having a different theme. These rooms are: the Tiger room, the Peacock room, the Waterfall room, the Bamboo room, the Snow room, the Fuji room, the Twilight room and the Round Hearth room. Not all these rooms may be viewable, and it is of course prohibited to photograph to protect the paintings.
- source : damien.douxchamps.net


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- quote
These decorative methods are even more elaborately worked out in another masterpiece of the same type, the Fudo-myoo (Acala) in the Shoren-in temple at Kyoto.
The god Fudo-myoo is a manifestation of the fury of Dainichi-nyorai (Vairocana), supreme god the esoteric pantheon, and he has been deeply venerated in Japan since the ninth century. Though usually appearing in the midst of four other Myoo (Raja), he is also often represented singly both in painting and sculpture.

In the ninth century a monk named Enchin (better known under the honorable title of Chisho-daishi), who introduced many esoteric elements into the Tendai doctrine, had images made of Fudo-myoo under the peculiar aspect in which he had seen the god in his mystical visions.

One of these images is the Ki-fudo (yellow-bodied Fudo), still piously preserved in the Onjo-ji monastery.

Unlike the mystical, exotic representation of the "yellow Fudo" standing in mid-air, the Shoren-in painting conforms to the customary iconography of the god: his body is blue and he is seated on a rock between his two attendants, Kongara (Kinka-rah) and Seitaka (Cetakah), who look like young boys. The triangular grouping of the three figures gives a classic stability to the composition, while the sublime power of the god is expressed by the swirling tongues of flame which, carefully studied, suggest the symbolic forms of the Karula (Garuda), the Buddhist mythical bird.

But the beauty of this painting lies above all in its harmonious combination of pure and delicate colors. The dark blue silhouette of the god tells out against a background of red and orange flames; he wears a bright orange scarf and two skirts, a green one and a longer, purplish brown one. The pink figures of the two attendants, one light, one dark, re-echo the god's aureole and balance the base of the composition. Costumes are decorated with patterns instead of kirikane. These various stylistic features, together with the extreme finesse and suppleness of the black outlines, enable us to date the picture to the mid-eleventh century.

Quoted from : Treasures of Asia: Japanese Painting
by Akiyama Terukazu, 1961
http://kaladarshan.arts.ohio-state.edu/studypages/internal/japan682/ch3.htm



- source : facebook
Shoren-In Monzeki 青蓮院門跡 Kyoto



. Hairstyle 髪　of Fudo Myo-O .
「不動明王二童子像」Kyoto, 青蓮院 Shoren-In
「不動十九相観」を忠実に造形化した最古の彩色画像であると示唆される.
Said to be the first painting with the 19 signs of Fudo.

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Nezumi Fudo . 鼠不動 . Mouse Fudo
With Yellow Eyes,
at the temple Eikyu-Ji (Eikyuuji) 永久寺 in Tokyo, near Minowa station.


Recapitulate the basics of the five colored Fudo.

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. YELLOW and haiku .



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Monju Bosatsu

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Monju Bosatsu　文殊菩薩　Manjushri - Mañjuśrī



A disciple of the Historical Buddha, Monju represents wisdom, intelligence and willpower. In artwork, Monju is often portrayed with a sutra in his left hand (a symbol of wisdom) and a sword in his right (to cut through illusion), but not always.
Sometimes Monju carries a lotus flower and is riding a Shishi (mythical lion).

Monju Bosatsu - Japanese Buddhist Deity of Wisdom and Education
Read all the Details from Mark Schumacher.

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. Monju Bosatsu Ceremony, Monju-E 文殊会 　
kigo for mid-summer

Ama no Hashidate Festival, Ama no Hashidate Matsuri
天の橋立祭

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kigo for late spring

Koofukuji Monju e 興福寺文殊会 (こうふくじもんじゅえ)
ceremony for Monju Bosatsu at temple Kofuku-Ji
April 25

. Koofukuji 興福寺 Temple Kofuku-Ji Nara .


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Manjuvajra Mandala

Manjuvajra (Monju) carries a blue lotus, utpala, in his upper hand. The central hands are crossed in front of his chest, symbolizing the union with his female deva.

Manjushri is known to live in the Paradise of the Five-Peak Mountain (Wu-tai-shan, China)or in the Vimla (Yuima) paradise in the East. In this sculpture, he sits in a temple-like building, surrounded by five more temple towers around his head. This formation symbolizes the four heavenly directions with the center (pancha sikha, five peaks, five crests).
The figure of Monju is closely related to the number FIVE. We have statues with five hairknots, five signs or five companions.



Pala period (ca. 700–1200), 11th century
Bangladesh or India (West Bengal)
Black stone; H. 50 3/4 in. (128.9 cm)
Bequest of Cora Timken Burnett, 1956

Copyright © 2000–2006 The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/07/ssn/hob_57.51.6.htm


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From Outcasts to Emperors:
Shingon Ritsu and the Mañjuśrī Cult in Medieval Japan

David Quinter, University of Alberta, Canada

In From Outcasts to Emperors, David Quinter illuminates the Shingon Ritsu movement founded by the charismatic monk Eison (1201–90) at Saidaiji in Nara, Japan. The book’s focus on Eison and his disciples’ involvement in the cult of Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva reveals their innovative synthesis of Shingon esotericism, Buddhist discipline (Ritsu; Sk. vinaya), icon and temple construction, and social welfare activities as the cult embraced a spectrum of supporters, from outcasts to warrior and imperial rulers. In so doing, the book redresses typical portrayals of “Kamakura Buddhism” that cast Eison and other Nara Buddhist leaders merely as conservative reformers, rather than creative innovators, amid the dynamic religious and social changes of medieval Japan.



- source : www.brill.com/products/book -

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食逃や蚊蚤もちえの文珠堂
kui nige ya ka nomi mo chie no monjudoo

eat and run, the wisdom
of mosquitoes and fleas...
Wisdom Buddha's temple
Tr. David Lanoue

Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶
. Cultural keywords and kigo used by Issa .


There are various halls with this name in Japan.



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Utpala, the blossom of the blue lotus (Nymphaea caerulea)
..... INDIA SAIJIKI .....: Lotus (padma)

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© Nara National Museum


Monju Bosatsu

Monju (Manjushri)
"Glückhafter Jüngling." Lautmalerische Abkürzung für "Monjushiri".

Stellt Wissen, Weisheit und Erleuchtung dar.
Nach dem Tode des Shakyamuni in Indien geborener Mensch, durch Askese zum Bosatsu geworden. Besonders in Tibet, Nordchina und der Mongolei (Mandschuria > Manjuria > Monju) verehrt.
Er schenkt Weisheit in allen Lebenslagen, nicht nur reine Intelligenz.
Beliebt auch in der Zen-Sekte, da er das aus der Erleuchtung kommende Wissen verkörpert. Häufig in der Zazen-Übungshalle für junge Zen-Mönche aufgestellt. Ein typisches japanisches Sprichwort lautet: Wenn drei Menschen zusammenkommen, sind sie so klug wie Monju (sannin yoreba, Monju no chie　 三人寄れば文殊の知恵).

Die Geschichte über seinen religiösen Disput mit Vimalakirti (Yuima　維摩 ) wird im Sutra Yuimakyoo　 維摩 (ゆいま) 経　beschrieben.
Rechts im Westen einer Shaka-Dreiergruppe, zusammen mit Fugen Bosatsu.

Ikonografie:
Mit Schwert in der rechten und Sutrarolle in der linken Hand als Symbole höchster Weisheit und Erkenntnis.
In Zen-Klöstern oft in Priestergestalt in Meditationshaltung, mit Sutrarolle, Sutraschatulle oder Lotusblüte.
Im esoterischen Buddhismus seit der Heian-Zeit auf einem Lotussockel auf einem Löwen reitend (Monju Kishizoo 文殊騎士像).

Auch mit Asketengewand, unter dem sich eine chinesische Rüstung befindet.

Im esoterischen Buddhismus gibt es vier verschiedene Darstellun~gen eines Monju:
Je nach der Zahl der Buchstaben seines Mantra - eins, fünf, sechs oder acht, hat die Figur entsprechend viele Haarknoten und trägt bestimmte Gegenstände in den Händen.
Monju mit einem Zeichen (Ichiji Monju　一字文殊): linke Hand - wunscherfüllendes Juwel, rechte Hand - Weidenzweig.

Monju mit fünf Zeichen (Goji Monju　五字文殊): linke Hand - grüne Lotusblüte, auf der eine Sutraschatulle liegt, rechte Hand - Diamant-Schwert (kongooken).
Auch als "Monju mit fünf Haarknoten" (Gokei Monju　五髻文殊 ) dargestellt.


Monju mit sechs Zeichen (Rokuji Monju): linke Hand - zur Brust erhoben, Handfläche nach oben, rechte Hand - Geste des Rades der Lehre.

. Rokuji 六字 the power of Six Words .


Monju mit acht Zeichen (Hachiji Monju): linke Hand - Donnerkeil auf einer Lotusblüte oder vor der Brust gehaltene Faust, Daumen und Zeigefinger berühren sich; rechte Hand: Schwert der Weisheit

Besondere Statuen:
Monju über das Meer kommend (Tokai Monju　渡海文殊)
Monju auf einem Löwen sitzend; der Löwe steht auf Wolken und durchquert das Meer auf dem Weg nach dem Berg Wutai in China. In Japan auch über das Meer von China nach Japan interpretiert. Siehe auch die Monju-Fünfergruppe.

Monju-Fünfergruppe (Monju Gozonzoo　文殊五尊像)
Besonders in der Tendai-Sekte verehrt.
Der Mönch Ennin brachte in der Heian-Zeit ein Abbildung aus dem Kloster am Berg Wutai (Godaisan Monju) aus China mit nach Japan. Nach diesem Vorbild, eigentlich einem "Monju über das Meer kommend", entstand die Monju-Fünfergruppe.
Nach Hama sitzt Monju auf einem Lotussockel auf einem Löwen, neben ihm stehen Udenoo (Utenoo), Basuu Sennin, Zenzai Dooji und Buddhahari Sanzoo.

Nach Sasa wird Monju von vier Gefährten begleitet:
Sudhana (mit gefalteten Händen) weist den Weg, Udenoo in chinesischem Gewand hält die Zügel und zwei Heilige, Buddhahari (im Priestergewand) und Taisei-Roojin (mit einem Kopftuch) laufen nebenher.


Kindlicher Monju (Chigo Monju　稚児文殊)

Junger Mann oder kindliche Gestalt mit Schwert und langstieliger Lotusblüte in der Hand, auf einem Lotussockel auf einem Löwen oder direkt auf dem Löwen sitzend.
(Löwe versinnbildlicht Tapferkeit und Energie zur Ergänzung der Weisheit des Monju. Der Löwe hat oft ein grünes Fell.)
Haare in fünf Knoten (gokei　五髻) aufgebunden, als Symbol der fünf Zeichen des Monju-Mantras.
In dieser Gestalt auch in der Dreiergruppe mit Shaka Nyorai und Fugen Bosatsu.

Heiliger Priester Monju (Seisoo Monju, Soogyoo Monju　聖僧文殊)
Monju erscheint in der Figur eines alten Priesters in Klöstern, um die Lehre und die rechten Vorschriften für die Mönche zu erläutern. Statuen eines alten Priesters, meist in den Refektorien der Zen-Tempelklöster aufgestellt.

Der japanische Priester Gyooki (Gyoki　行基) soll eine Inkarnation des Monju sein.


Quoted from my book
Buddhastatuen (Buddhastatues) Who is Who,
Ein Wegweiser zur Ikonografie von japanischen Buddhastatuen



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Monju Nuclear Power Plant
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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Usuzumi Kannon

nnnnnnnnnnnn TOP nnnnnnnnnnnnn

Kannon Statue from a branch of the
"Light Charcoal Cherry Tree"
Usuzumi Kannon　薄墨観音

The blossoms change from white over a light charcoal gray to pink, hence the name "Light Charcoal", usuzumi.



Once under a load of heavy snow in a storm in winter, a large branch of this cherry tree broke off. The villagers who care for the cherry tree took the branch and had a small statue of Kannon carved out of it. This is now revered in a nearby sanctuary of the Temple Saihoo-Ji 西法寺.

淡墨桜は、大正初期の大雪で太さ約４ｍの一の枝が折れ、本幹に亀裂が生じた頃から衰えが目立つようになり、村ではいろいろと保護に努めて来たが、昭和２３年頃には遂に枯死するかとも思われる状態になり、文部省から派遣され調査した本田博士より、今後３年以内に枯死は免れないだろうとの認定がされた。
その間、多くの名士がこの名木の枯死を惜しみ、淡墨桜顕彰保存会が設立され、様々な努力によってその命を蘇らせたのでありました。

継体天皇御手植の桜
1550年余り前、皇位継承をめぐって争いがあり、生後僅かに50日の大迹王は、養育係の草平・兼平夫婦に護られ、難をさけていた尾張一宮からさらに美濃の山奥に隠れ住んだ。この間、言語に絶する生活を強いられたが、長じて29歳の時、都からの勅使に迎えられ王は都に上がられ、後に継体天皇（26代）として即位された。
大迹王村を離れられる際、住民との別れを惜しまれ、尾張一宮から持ち帰られた桜を二男の桧隅高田王の産屋跡に植えられ、一首の歌をそえて記念とされた。

http://www.ttn.ne.jp/~s_nabe/tozan/05/0416ibuki/ibuki.htm

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo

Old Drawing of the Cherry Tree
薄墨桜古図


http://home.e-catv.ne.jp/ja5dlg/saihou/saihou1.htm

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo

The temple for the Usuzumi Kannon Statue in Neo Village
根尾村　薄墨観音



http://www.geocities.jp/rokusai6/page011.html

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo

Look at the trunk of this tree. It is supposed to be 9 meters in diameter, the tree is 28 meters high and possibly more than 1500 years old. The cherry is a Edo Higan Type.



尾谷の薄墨桜は樹齢1500年といわれるエドヒガンザクラ.
樹高28m.幹周り9m.枝張り30m.
老木の幹の貫禄はすごい
http://www009.upp.so-net.ne.jp/nakatuka/private/04neo/04neo.html

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In Aizutakada Town, Fukushima Pref. there is another famous old Cherry tree by the same name.

Standing at a southern corner of the Isasumi Shrine precinct, this is a Sato-zakura cherry tree of the Oshima-zakura variety. The blossoms' color changes from white with a touch of thin gray to pale pink. On April 29 every year, the Flower Celebrating Festival is held here, when the shrine cooks "mochi" rice cakes mixed with the cherry blossom petals and distributes them to its local supporters.
http://www.pref.fukushima.jp/kanko/k_hp_e/data_m/41034.html

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................ HAIKU　俳句

「うすずみざくら」と俳句
Haiku Group "Usuzumi Sakura"

　薄墨の　綸旨かしこき　桜かな 　極　堂　　

　鳴る鐘の　音よき日なり　初桜 　春　甫

　振り返り　見る故郷の　山粧ふ 　立　城

　観音の　丘へ涼しき　樹下の径 　梟　月


うすずみの桜の色や西法寺　　　　　　
松巌

Usuzumi no sakura no iro ya Saihoo-Ji

Oh, these colors of the
Light Charcoal Cherry Blossoms !
Temple Saihoo-Ji


咲き満たし花の中なる如来像　　　　　
武市ヨシカ

sakimitashi hana no haka naru Nyorai-zoo

in the middle of
cherry blossoms in the full -
the Buddha statue


Click on the flower to find more LINKs in Japanese.


WHC ... World Kigo Database: Cherry Blossoms (sakura)

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