Fudo Myo-O - Introducing Japanese Deities

12/31/2013

ENTER ... Fudo Myo-O

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.. .. .. .. Welcome to the Fudo Pages
.. .. .. .. and the Japanese Deities!

お不動さま、不動明王にようこそ！　

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Fudo Myo-O / Acala Vidyârâja 不動明王 Who is he?

Fudoo Myoo-Oo / Acala Vidyârâja 不動明王
Fudoo Myoo-Oo 　　English
19 Characteristic Signs of Fudo Myo-O . 不動十九観

Three Most Famous Fudo . 三大不動尊 Sandai Fudo Son

Fudo Myo-o. Explanation in German. auf Deutsch

The Last Fudo Fire Ritual of the Year, Narita-san

NEXT

..... Japanese Deities

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12/30/2013

Japanese Deities

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Japanese Deities

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.................. Introducing Buddha Statues

History of Buddha Statues in Japan 仏像の歴史

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. The Nyorai Group 如来

Amida Buddha 阿弥陀如来

Dainichi Nyorai 大日如来 The Great Sun, Center of the Universe

O-Take Nyorai お竹如来

Shaka Nyorai 釈迦如来　Gautama Buddha

Yakushi Nyorai 薬師如来、Buddha of Medicine

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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. The Bosatsu Group 菩薩

. Bosatsu 菩薩　Bodhisattva Group .

Fugen Bosatsu 普賢菩薩（ふげんぼさつ) (Samantabhadra)
and the white Elephant

Hoki Bosatsu, Hooki Bosatsu 法起菩薩 ... "Hoodoo Sennin" 法道仙人, Temple Bodaiji 菩提寺, Saint Tokudo 徳道上人

... ... ... Jizo Bosatsu　地蔵菩薩

Ajimi Jizo 嘗試地蔵 and Kobo DaishiKoya san

Jizo as Jigoku Bosatsu 地獄菩薩, Namu Jigoku Daibosatsu
南無地獄大菩薩

Asekaki Jizoo, the Sweating Jizo 汗かき地蔵

Hadaka Jizoo Naked Jizo　裸地蔵

Hooroku Jizoo ほうろく地蔵 with an earthen pot on his head
(Horoku Jizo 焙烙地蔵)

Miso Jizoo 広島のみそ地蔵

O-Bake Jizoo 化け地蔵 the monstrous Jizo statues Nikko

Omokaru Jizoo, Heavy or Light Jizo おもかる地蔵、重軽地蔵

Shinpei-Ji 心平寺　地蔵　 Kencho-Ji, Kamakura

Shioname Jizo 塩嘗地蔵 Salt-tasting Jizo in Kamakura

Yonaki Jizo and babies crying at night 夜泣き地蔵

... ... ... Kannon Bosatsu 観音菩薩

Batoo Kannon, Horseheaded Kannon 馬頭観音

Hakodate 33 Kannon Pilgrimage 西国移土三十三観音, 函館市湯川寺

Hatakiri Kannon はたきり観音さん, Shikoku Henro 10

Jundei Kannon, Juntei Kannon 准胝観音 Mother of all Buddhas
准胝仏母（じゅんていぶっぽ）

Nyoirin Kannon, Wishfulfilling Kannon如意輪観音
..... Seiryuu Gongen, Dragon Deity Zennyo 清瀧権現

O-Shichi Kannon お七観音 at temple Tanjo-Ji in Okayama 誕生寺 (Tanjooji)

Senju Kannon, with 1000 Arms and Juuichimen Kannon with 11 heads 千手観音, 十一面観音

Shichimen Kannon 七面観音 Nichiren and Mount Minobu
Shichimen Daibosatsu 七面大菩薩

Usuzumi Kannon, Light Charcoal Cherry Tree Kannon 薄墨観音

Kokuuzoo Bosatsu 虚空蔵菩薩 Kokuzo Bosatsu
Akashagarbha Bodhisattva.
Bodhisattva of Wisdom and Memory

Maso Bosatsu, Senrigan and Junpuji 媽祖菩薩, 千里眼, 順風耳

Memyo Bosatsu 馬鳴菩薩. Ashvagosha

Miroku Bosatsu 弥勒菩薩 Maitreya

Monju Bosatsu 文殊菩薩　Manjushri

Myoken Bosatsu (Myooken Bosatsu) 妙見菩薩
and Star Shrines in Japan, Hoshi Jinja 星神社

Seishi Bosatsu 勢至菩薩 Mahasthamaprapta

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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. The Myo-O Group 明王の部

Aizen Myo-O　愛染明王

Daigensui 大元帥明王 Taigen (Atavaka)

Daiitoku Myo-O 大威徳明王 Yamaantaka

. . . . Fudo Myo-O ... see above

Goosanze Myo-O 降三世明王 Gosanze Trilokavijaya

Kujaku Myo-O 孔雀明王 The Pheasant Wisdom King　

Ususama Myo-O 烏瑟沙摩明王
Ucchusma, deity of the toilet

Zao Gongen 蔵王権現

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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. The Ten Group, Tenbu 天部

Ashura, Asura (あしゅら) 阿修羅

Benzaiten　弁財天, Benten 弁天 Benzai-Ten
..... Benten and the Gods of Water

Bishamonten、Tamonten 多聞天 (Vaishravana) 毘沙門天、毘沙門の使ひ

Daikoku Ten 大黒天 Daikoku sama

Dairokuten Ma-O ... 第六天魔王, 大六天 Take Jizaiten 他化自在天

Datsueba 奪衣婆 or 脱衣婆 the Old Hag of Hell

Ebisu ... 夷　恵比寿　恵比須　えびす、エビス God of Good Luck

Enma Ten, Enma Oo (Emma): The King of Hell閻魔天、閻魔王
..... The Ten Kings of Hell, Juu Oo 十王

Gigeiten 伎芸天 Daijizai Tennyo 大自在天女 and
Daijizai Ten 大自在天 (Shiva)

Hotei 布袋 Pu-Tai

Idaten 韋駄天 (Skanda)

Juuni Shinshoo 十二神将　Twelve Heavenly Generals,
12 Warrior Generals

Kankiten (Ganesh) Elephant-headed deity

Kichijoten 吉祥天 Kichijooten (Lakshmi, Shri Mahadevi)

Kishibojin　鬼子母神, Kishimojin, Kangimo, Kariteimo 訶梨帝母

Marishiten 摩利支天 Marishi Ten

Nio, Deva Kings 仁王 (Nioo, Niou)

Shomen Kongo 青面金剛 Shoomen Kongoo

Taishakuten, Taishaku Ten 帝釈天
Indra, Sakra Deva, Shakra Devanam Indra
and the Koshin Cult (kooshin 庚申, ka no e saru)

The Gods of the four elements 風水天地の神様
水神　Suijin, 風神 Fuujin, 地神 Chijin, 火神 Kajin

Seven Gods of Good Luck 七福神 Shichifukujin　

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Saints and holy figures

Binzuru 賓頭盧 (Pinzuru)

. MORE Fellow Pilgrims .

. Memorial Days of Poets .

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Hibutsu ... 秘仏 ... Secret and hidden Buddha statues

Temples and Shrines of Japan

Busshi 仏師 ... Buddhist Sculptors Gallery

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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. Shinto Deities 神道の神様

..... The Gods of Japan and Haiku (kami to hotoke)

Akiba Gongen - 秋葉権現現Akibagongen at Mt. Akiba

Amenooshihomimi アメノオシホミミ
..... 正勝吾勝勝速日天忍穂耳尊
Masakakatsukachihayahi Amenooshihomimi no mikoto

Atago Gongen - 愛宕権現
to prevent fire

Ame-no-Uzume-no-mikoto (天宇受売命, 天鈿女命) Ame no Uzume, Ama no Uzume

Amaterasu Oomikami (Omikami) 天照大神

Aragamisama, Koojin sama 荒神様 Hearth Deity
Dokujin, dokoojin 土公神
Kamagami 釜神 The Hearth Deity in Miyagi

Arukigami 歩行神 the God of Wandering with Basho and Issa
Sozorogami そぞろ神 / Sowasowa no kami　そわそわの神

Bimbogami, Binboo Gami 貧乏神 God of Poverty

Byaku-I Gongen ... 飯山白衣権現White Kannon Gongen, at Ii no Yama

Daishoogun 大将軍神 Daishogun no kami, Lord of the Stars
His name is also 素戔鳴尊スサノオ Susano-O.

Eiyoo Gongen 栄誉権現 Venerable Guard Deity
a tanuki from Toshogu Shrine

Gozu Tenno, Ten-Oo 牛頭天王 Bull-headed King of Heaven
..... Japanese god of the plague, Gion Festival Kyoto.
Gooo, Go-Oo, Go-O 牛王

Hachiman Shin 八幡神 and Hachiman Daibosatsu 八幡大菩薩）

Hakusan Shichi Gongen 白山七権現
Hakusan shinkoo 白山信仰 Hakusan faith. Shirayama shrines

Hitokotonushi 一言主 "God of One Word" at Katsuragi Mountain, 一言主神社

Hoosoogami, Hoosooshin 疱瘡神 God of Smallpox, Hosogami

Iizuna no Gongen 飯網の権現 ... at Iizuna Mountain, Izuna Gongen

Ichikishima hime 市杵島姫 Ichikishima Hime-no-Kami (市杵島姫神)
Tagitsu Hime-no-Kami (湍津姫神)
Tagori Hime-no-Kami (田心姫神)
and the Munakata shrines 宗像大社 Munakata Taisha

Inari Myojin 稲荷明神

Iwakamutsukari no Mikoto 磐鹿六雁命 God of the Kitchen Knife and Cooking
高家神社 Takabe Shrine, Chiba

Jinguu Koogoo 神功皇后 Empress Jingu Kogo

Jinmu Tenno 神武天皇 First Emperor Jimmu

Kappa Daimyojin 河童大明神 Great Deity Kappa

Kimon Konjin 鬼門金神 and Kitamuki Fudo 北向き不動... Fudo facing North. also Kitamuki Kannon, Kitamuki Jizo and others. the "Demon Gate", kimon

Konpira Daigongen . 金毘羅大権現 Kompira Daigongen . Kotohira, Shikoku

Kotoamatsukami 別天津神 "distinguishing heavenly kami"
zooka no sanjin 造化の三神 three deities of creation
Ame no minaka nushi no kami 天之御中主神
Takamimusuhi no kami 高御産巣日神
Kami musuhi no kami 神産巣日神

Kuni no Tokotachi no mikoto 国常立尊主神 Kunitokotachi

Mikumari, Mikomori Myōjin 御子守明神
御子守 - Mikomori Sannyoshin 御子守三女神
Tamayorihime 玉依姫.
Mikumari jinja 水分神社

Magami 真神 ancient Wolf Deity and 太占 futomani divination

Nai no kami 地震神 God of Earthquakes

Niutsuhime 　丹生都比女。丹生都比売

Okunitama no Kami 大国魂神
Yamato no Ookuni Tama no Kami 倭大国魂神
Yachihoko no Kami 八千矛神
Mi-Toshi no Kami 御年神

Omizunu no Kami 淤美豆奴神, 淤美豆奴命..
Legends of Izumo no Kuni. "God of Great Water"

Omodaru 於母陀流神, Ayakashikone and Dairoku Tenma O 第六天魔王

Ooyamatsumi 大山祇神, 大山積神, 大山津見神
Oyamatsumi no Mikoto

Sannoo 山王 Sanno, the "Mountain King"
and the Hiyoshi shrines 日吉神社. San-O, Sann-No,

Shichimen Daimyojin 七面大明神
Shichimen Tennyo (七面天女) celestial nymph
Heavenly Lady from Mount Shichimen

Shinba ... 神馬Horse of the Gods, jinme, 神駒(かみこま)

Shirosama, O-Shirosama, Kaikogami and other SILK related deities ...
蚕神, おしらさま, 蚕影明神 ...

Suijin, the God of Water 水神 . Suiten.　Mizu no Kamisama. Suitengu 水天宮

Sumiyoshi Myoojin 住吉明神 Sumiyoshi Myojin and Sumiyoshi Shrines in Japan 住吉神社 Sumiyoshi Jinja

. . Sun and Moon Deities of Japan Nitten, Gatten and more
日天,月天, 明星天子

Tamayorihime, Tamayoribime, Tamayori hime no mikoto 玉依姫命

Ta no Kami, Yama no Kami. Deities of the Fields and Mountains
田の神・山の神

Tokusa no Kandakara 十種神宝 The Ten Heavenly Treasures
Tokusanokamudakara

Toshigami 年神 God of the Year, Toshidon and other names

Toyoukehime no Kami 豊受大神 Toyouke no Ookami
Oogetsu Hime no Kami 大宜都比売神

Uba Gongen　姥権現Mount Iidesan

Umisachihiko 海幸彦 Hoteri no mikoto 火照命(ほでりのみこと)

Yakujin 厄神（やくじん） Yakujin Myo-O 厄神明王,
Mondo Yakujin 門戸厄神
"deity of preventing bad luck"
or
"deity to bring bad luck"

Yakubyoogami 疫病神 Deity to bring bad fortune and disease

Yamasachihiko 山幸彦 Hiko hohodemi no mikoto 彦火火出見尊

Yoshida Shinto 吉田神道
Yoshida Kanetomo 吉田兼倶(1435-1511)

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CLICK to look at Japanese Buddha Statues

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My Books in German

Buddhistische Kultgegenstände Japans
by Gabi Greve
(Buddhist Ritual and Ceremonial Tools, butsugu, hoogu)

Ich widme dieses Buch, in grosser Dankbarkeit, einem grossen Sensei, Dietrich Seckel.
Okayama Pref., Japan 1996

Buddhastatuen ... Who is Who,
Ein Wegweiser zur Ikonografie von japanischen Buddhastatuen
by Gabi Greve 1994
(All about Japanese Buddhastatues)
With a Review by Dietrich Seckel

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The best ONLINE introduction !

THE FACE OF BUDDHISM &
SHINTOISM IN JAPANESE ART

! Mark Schumacher !

(I am contributing to this site too.)

Article:

Buddhism and Shinto
Michael Hofmann, March 2010

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The first visit or ceremony for a deity is often a KIGO!.

. WKD : New Year Ceremonies

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12/29/2013

Fudo Myo-O Introduction

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Who is Fudo Myo-O, the Wisdom King ?

不動明王　Fudoo Myoo Oo, Fudou Myou Ou

Acala Vidyârâja
is one of the Vidyârâjas (Myôôs) class of deities, and a very wrathful deity.

He is portrayed holding a sword in his right hand and a coiled rope in his left hand. With this sword of wisdom, Acala cuts through deluded and ignorant minds and with the rope he binds those who are ruled by their violent passions and emotions. He leads them onto the correct path of self control. Acala is also portrayed surrounded by flames, flames which consume the evil and the defilements of this world. He sits on a flat rock which symbolizes the unshakeable peace and bliss which he bestows to the minds and the bodies of his devotees.

Purpose and Vows
Acala transmits the teachings and the injunctions of Mahâvairocana to all living beings and whether they agree to accept or to reject these injunctions is up to them, Acala's blue/black body and fierce face symbolize the force of his will to draw all beings to follow the teachings of the Buddha. Nevertheless, Acala's nature is essentially one of compassion and he has vowed to be of service to all beings for eternity.

Acala also represents his aspect of service by having his hair knotted in the style of a servant: his hair is tied into seven knots and falls down from his head on the left side. Acala has two teeth protruding from out of his mouth, an upper tooth and a lower tooth. The upper tooth is pointed downward and this represents his bestowing unlimited compassion who are suffering in body and spirit. His lower tooth is pointed upward and this represents the strength of his desire to progress upward in his service for the Truth. In his upward search for Bodhi and in his downward concern for suffering beings, he represents the beginning of the religious quest, the awakening of the Bodhicitta and the beginning of his compassionate concern for others.
It is for this reason that the figure of Acala is placed first among the thirteen deities (juusanbutsu 十三仏）.

His vow is to do battle with evil with a powerful mind of compassion and to work for the protection of true happiness. To pray for recovery from illness and for safety while traveling is to rely upon his vow and power to save. Acala is also the guide for the deceased, to help save them and assist them in becoming buddhas for the first seven days after death.

Read more about these 13 deities.
http://www.shingon.org/deities/jusanbutsu/fudo.html

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The 19 characteristics of Fudo Myo-O
... ... ... 19 Signs

Read more on this extensive page about Buddha Statues

... Mark Schumacher

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12/28/2013

19 Signs

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19 Characteristic Signs of Fudo Myo-O

不動十九観 / 不動十九相観
Fudoo Juukyuu Sansoo
Fudo Jukyu Sanso

Just as Buddha Shakyamuni has 32 characteristic signs, Fudo Myo-O has 19.
They are described in documents of the Tendai sect like the following:

1 He is an incarnation of Dainichi Nyorai.
2 His Mantra has the four letters : a ro kan man .
3 He usually lives in a world of fire.
4 He has the figure of a fat young man, rather unpleasant.
5 He has seven knots in his hair and a lotos blossom on top of them.

6 On his left shoulder a plait of hair hangs down.
7 The wrinkles on his forehead look like water waves.
8 The left eye is closed, the right one wide open.
9 He bites his right upper lip with the lower teeth and his left lip protrudes.
10 He has his mouth shut strictly.

11 He carries a three-pronged sword in his right hand.
12 He carries a rope in his left hand.
13 He eats the leftover food of ascetic monks.
14 He stands or sits on a throne of stone.
15 His body color is of an unpleasant black-blue-green.

16 His look is fierce and threatening.
17 He has a firy Garuda bird on his halo.
18 A Kurikara Dragon is wrapped around his sword.
19 He has two child acolytes by his side.

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　天台僧安然が、「不動立印儀軌修行次第」により不動明王を想い従うために唱えたもの

　（１）大日如来の化身
　（２）真言中に、ア・ロ・カン・マンの４字がある
　（３）常に火生三昧（かしょうざんまい）に住んでいる
　（４）肥満した童子の姿で、卑しい
　（５）頭頂に七沙髻があり、蓮華をのせている

　（６）左肩に一弁髪を垂らす benpatsu
　（７）額に水波（すいは）のようなしわがある suiha
　（８）左の目を閉じ右の目を開いている
　（９）下の歯で右上の唇を噛み、左下の唇の外へ出している
　（10）口を硬く閉じている

　（11）右手に三鈷剣を持っている
　（12）左手に羂索を持っている
　（13）行者の残食を食べる
　（14）大磐石の上に安座している
　（15）色が醜く青黒

　（16）奮迅して憤怒している
　（17）光背に迦楼羅炎（かるらえん）がある
　（18）倶力迦羅竜が剣にまとわりついている
　（19）両脇に２童子が侍している
source : www.kyototsuu.jp

Buddha Shakyamuni
Signs of a Great Man 32 and 80

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Alphabetical Index of the Daruma Museum
worldkigo
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2/08/2012

Bosatsu Bodhisattva

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Bosatsu 菩薩　Bodhisattva

Bodhi = enlightened
Sattva = being, essence
The Compassionate Ones
Penultimate state before Buddhahood

Compassion is the defining characteristic of the Bodhisattva, whose highest aspiration is to save all sentient beings. The Bodhisattva concept is closely associated with Mahayana Buddhism, and has at least three distinct meanings. The Mahayana form in particular spread throughout Japan, thus most surviving Buddhist sculpture in Japan today belongs to the Mahayana tradition.

Read the details here :
source : - Mark Schumacher -

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Bosatsu Mandala

Individual Bosatsu introduced in the Daruma Museum

. The Bosatsu Group 菩薩　 .

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芒から菩薩の清水流れけり
susuki kara bosatsu no shimizu nagare keri

from the pampas grass
the saint's pure water
flows

One year later, in 1809, Issa re-writes this

松風に菩薩の清水流れけり
matsukaze ni bosatsu no shimizu nagare-keri

wind through pines
pure bodhisattva water
flowing, flowing

in the pine breeze
the saint's pure water
flows

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue

There is a place called
Miroku Bosatsu no Shimizu 弥勒菩薩の清水
and above it
Sasa Shimizu 笹清水

at Mount Hotaka Yama 武尊山 in Gunma.

source : kakehashi

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松風にぼうたんの白菩薩かな
matsukaze ni bootan no haku bosatu kana

in the wind of the pines
a peony like a white
Bodhisattva

- Akegarasu sensei -

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B o s a t s u 　菩薩　(Bodhi-sattva)

Abkürzung des indischen Wortes Bodhi-sattva, japanisch:
bo dai sat ta = bosatsu.
Bedeutet Wesen, die nach oben zur Erleuchtung eines Buddha streben und gleichzeitig nach unten zur Errettung der Menschheit tätig werden (joogu bodai, gege shujoo).
Ein Bosatsu praktiziert Askese, um Buddha zu werden, bleibt aber einen Schritt vor diesem Ziel stehen, um zuerst alle Menschen zu erlösen. Dazu müssen die Bosatsu einen Askeseweg mit 10 Stufen überwinden (juuji) und vier Gelübde (shigu seigan) einhalten.

Bosatsu unterziehen sich einer strengen Askese mit sechs Vorschriften (rokuharamitsu, ropparamitsu; paaramitaas):

1. Almosen geben (fuse);
2. Einhalten der Vorschriften (jikai);
3. Beharrlichkeit (ninniku);
4. Energie (shoojin);
5. Meditation (zenjoo) und
6. Weisheit zur Erleuchtung (chie).

Ein Bosatsu, der alle diese Vorschriften beherzigt und dabei eine hohe Stufe erlangt, kann als Begleitfigur neben einem Nyorai stehen und wird im nächsten Leben sicher ein Buddha werden (fusho no bosatsu), z. B. Miroku.

Am besten bekannt in Japan sind Kannon und Jizoo, auch häufig als Stein-Statuen am Wegesrand zu finden. Bosatsu sind freundliche, hilfsbereite Gottheiten, die den Menschen in Not sofort direkt mit verschiedenen Mitteln und in den verschiedensten Inkarnationen zu Hilfe kommen.
Bosatsu finden sich als Begleitfiguren in Dreiergruppen mit Nyorai-Statuen.
Bosatsu wurde dann auch eine japanische Bezeichnung für besonders verehrenswerte heilige Priester oder japanische Gottheiten, z.B. wird der Asket En no Gyooja "Shinhen Daibosatsu (Jinpen Daibosatsu)" und der japanische Kriegsgott Hachiman "Hachiman Daibosatsu" genannt.
僧形八幡 soogyoo Hachiman, sogyo Hachiman, Hachiman as a Buddhist monk, Hachiman als buddhistischer Mönch.

Ikonografie:
Die Gestalt eines Bosatsu entspricht der des Prinzen Shakyamuni, bevor er sein Schloß verlassen hat, daher mit reichlich Schmuck an Brust (munakazari), Oberarmen (hisen), Hand- und Fußgelenken (wansen, sokusen); langes Perlengehänge um den ganzen Leib (yooraku).
Bei gegossenen Statuen werden diese Verzierungen mitgegossen, während sie bei Holzstatuen meist getrennt aus Metall gefertigt und angebracht werden.

Hoch aufgekämmte Haare bzw. ein Haarknoten (hookei) und Hohe Krone (Diadem) mit Blumenverzierungen (hookan, sanzankan, tenkan). Die Krone wird von einem besonderen Band (tenkandai) gehalten. Eine besondere Form ist eine bandartige Krone mit drei Zierteilen vorne und an beiden Seiten (sanmen tooshoku). In der Kamakura-Zeit wurden diese Hohen Kronen oft aus Metall gefertigt und einer Holzstatue aufgesetzt.

Viele Gewänder, z.B. schmales Tuch um die Brust, meist von der linken Schulter zur Mitte der rechten Körperseite (joohaku); wehende Schals über den Armen (tenne), langes Hüfttuch bzw. Wickelrock bis an die Fußknöchel (mo, kun), das aber nie über den Sockel hängt. Manchmal wird das Gewand über den Knien noch einmal mit einer Schleife zusammengebunden.

Drei Falten am Hals (sandoo). Über die Schultern herabhängende Haare (suihatsu). Immer milder Gesichtsausdruck; die einzige Ausnahme bildet die Pferdeköpfige Kannon, die einen furchterregenden Gesichtsausdruck zeigt.

Ein Bosatsu hält meist Gegenstände in den Händen (jimotsu), als Ausdruck dafür, daß er mit den verschiedensten Mitteln die Menschheit retten will, z.B. Lotusblüte, Wassergefäß mit Lebenswasser oder wunscherfüllendes Juwel.
Bosatsu-Statuen stehen im allgemeinen auf einem Lotussockel.
Im Unterschied zu Nyorai-Statuen können Bosatsu auch mehrere Köpfe und mehrere Gliedmaßen haben, um ihre vielseitigen Bestrebungen zur Rettung der Menschen zum Ausdruck zu bringen.

. Buddhastatuen ... Who is Who .
Ein Wegweiser zur Ikonografie
von japanischen Buddhastatuen
Gabi Greve

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1/22/2012

Kozuke Province

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The Buddhist Sculptures of Kozuke Province

source : ajw.asahi.com/article

Editor's Note:
The following articles are translations of reviews carried by the latest issue( No. 1393) of Kokka, a prestigious art magazine published in Japan. The publication, which specializes in old Japanese and Oriental art, was founded in 1889 by Tenshin Okakura, a well-known Japanese art critic and philosopher (1862-1913), among others. It is held in high esteem by researchers and experts aboard.

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The Buddhist Sculptures of Kozuke Province

By HIROSHI OKABE

After Buddhism was first brought to Japan around the middle of the 6th century, it soon spread from the capital cities to the regional areas. Amidst this, the beginnings of Buddhist culture appeared in Kozuke province （centering on present-day Gunma Prefecture） during the latter half of the 7th century. Fragments of molded figurines excavated at Sannohai-ji, built in the 4th quarter of the 7th century and thought to be the ruins of Hoko-ji, are said to be scenes of the Jataka Tales that appeared on the first story of a stupa.

During the Nara period, according to a document known as the Kozuke no kuni kotai jitsurokucho, a gold colored seated figure of Shaka （S: Sakyamuni） with a figure height of 250 cm, and standing attendant figures of Monju （S: Manjusri） and Fugen （S: Samantabhadra）, with figure heights of 300 cm, plus Shitenno figures, were enshrined in the Kondo of Kozuke Kokubun-ji, established around the middle of the 8th century.

The earliest extant wooden Buddhist sculptures handed down in the Kozuke region date from the late Heian period onwards. The ichiboku-zukuri, or solid single block construction, figures dating from the 11th century consist of the
Standing Fudo Myoo at Soji-ji,
the Seated Fudo Myoo of Tokujo-ji,
the Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon of Onabuchi Kannondo, the Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon of Chokoku-ji, and the Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon of Nichirin-ji. In the next century, both single block construction and yosegi-zukuri, or joined hollow block construction, works appear. Typical examples from this period can be seen in the Jizo Bosatsu with Pendant Leg （S: Ksitigarbha） of Kongo-ji and the Standing Amida Nyorai figures of Choraku-ji and Iwamatsu Shoren-ji.

From the Kamakura period, early 13th century figures include the Sho-Kannon （S: Aryavalokitesvara） of Shobo-ji and the Amida Triad of Ko'on-ji. These works all continue the Fujiwara style of yosegi-zukuri, using hollow joined blocks of hinoki wood. By around the middle of the 13th century, Unkei-style images appear, such as the Standing Amida Nyorai of Fugen-ji and Kaikei-style images such as the Standing Amida Nyorai of Sozen-ji. From the latter half of the 13th century to the beginning of the 14th century, figures made in the front-back split yosegi-zukuri method appeared, such as the Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon of Sankoin, the hidden statue Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon of Chokoku-ji, the Standing Bato Kannon （S: Hayagriva Avalokitesvara） of Namezawa Kannondo, and the Yakushi Nyorai （S: Bhaisajya） of Otsubayakushido. On the other hand, from the 12th century onwards, when it seemed that lacquered and gilded yosegi-zukuri images completely dominated wooden images, there appears to be a concurrent and continuous production of single block construction images, such as the Shinto images at Mangyo-ji and Nitta Yoshisada at Soji-ji. Around the middle of the 13th century, various different sculptural methods began to develop in the area, such as the stone image Standing Fudo at Miyata, the bronze Senkoji-style Standing Amida Triads at Kiryu's Shoren-ji and other temples, the iron figure of a Seated Amida Nyorai at Zensho-ji, and the molded clay figure of the seated figure of Eicho Zenji at Choraku-ji. Of further note are the priest portrait sculptures at Nitta-no-sho Choraku-ji and the portrait of Shoshin Shonin at Hofuku-ji.

The two guardian figures at Myoo-in exhibit the baroque style of the Northern and Southern Courts period, while it is interesting to note that there is a fascinating glimpse of powerful, regional-style sculpture in the Muromachi period's production of the ever present technically proficient yosegi-zukuri which turned away from true sculpting.

During the Edo period, the mid-17th century Seated Amida Nyorai of Choraku-ji combines classical style with a pre-modern sense of added decorativeness. The majority of the works created during this period were small in scale, and they reflect the efficient creation of standardized forms. However, the great increase in the number of Buddhist images created conveys a sense of the deepening connection between people and Buddhist images.

The author is an art Historian(Japanese Art), Research Scholar of Buddhist Art Research Institute, Inc.

snip

Standing Fudo Myoo（S: Acalanatha)

Wood with white undercoating, polychrome and carved eyeballs
Fig.H. 99.5 cm
Soji-ji, Ota City

By TAKEO OKU
This image is noteworthy as one of the few standing images of Fudo, dating prior to Jocho. The honpa style of alternating high and low areas of drapery folds shows extremely shallow carving of the drapery folds. The thin chest, and face with slightly smaller than usual eyebrow and eye forms are all characteristic of images created in the first half of the 11th century.

Two features, namely the face turned to the right and the appearance of raised knees with skirt hems symmetrically arranged to the right and left of center, are all shared with two major examples of early period, pre-Jocho standing images of Fudo at Myoho-in and Taisan-ji. These two characteristics accord with the Standing Fudo depicted in the "Chuo-zu" of the Ninnokyo gohoshoson-zu said to be in the hand of Kukai. Thus it can be thought that the sculptural images of standing Fudo figures were created under the influence of this Chuho-zu image.

This figure is shown in walking pose with one foot raised. This pose is said to represent the function of this deity as a guide to the afterlife, and is modeled after such images as the Amida Nyorai in Cave 16 at the Anyue-Yuanjue Caves in Sichuan province, China. Prayers to Fudo were one element of Heian period Buddhist funerary rituals, and thus it is possible that this type of Fudo image was created for the role of guide for the deceased to the Pure Land.

The author is an art historian(Japanese art), Inspector at the Agency for Cultural Affairs

MORE DETAILS in this article ABOUT

Jizo Bosatsu （S: Ksitigarbha） with One Leg Pendant
Wood with lacquer, gilding and carved eyeballs
Kongo-ji, Ota City

Seated Amida Nyorai （S: Amitabha）
Iron
Zensho-ji, Maebashi City

Standing Amida （S: Amitabha） Triad
Gilt bronze
Shoren-ji, Kiryu City

Standing Eleven Headed Kannon （S: Ekadasa-mukha）
Wood with lacquer, gilding and crystal eyeballs
Sanko-in, Numata City

Figure Seated in a Chair, Traditionally Said to be
Nitta Yoshisada
Wood with traces of polychrome and crystal eyeballs
Soji-ji, Ota City

Seated Figure of Gessen Shinkai
Wood with original faded polychrome and later wodden eyeballs
Choraku-ji, Ota City

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Nitta Yoshisada
(1301 – August 17, 1338)
was the head of the Nitta family in the early fourteenth century, and supported the Southern Court of Emperor Go-Daigo in the Nanboku-chō period, capturing Kamakura from the Hōjō clan in 1333.

. Temple Kinryuji 金竜寺, Ota town, Gunma .

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12/24/2011

Munakata Shiko

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Munakata Shiko 棟方志功

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source :　www.oida-art.com

不動明王の柵

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Shikō Munakata 棟方志功
(September 5, 1903 – September 13, 1975)
a woodblock printmaker active in Shōwa period Japan. He is associated with the sosaku hanga movement and the mingei (folk art) movement. Munakata was awarded the "Prize of Excellence" at the Second International Print Exhibition in Lugano, Switzerland in 1952. He was awarded the Order of Culture, the highest honor in the arts by the Japanese government in 1970.

Munakata was born in Aomori city, Aomori prefecture in northern Honshū as the third of 15 children to a local blacksmith. Due to the impoverished circumstances of his family, he had only an elementary school education; however, he exhibited a passion for art from early childhood. In third grade, he began illustrating kites for his classmates.

Munakata's early career was not without obstacles. Unable to sell his paintings, he was forced to repair shoes and sell natto part time to survive. He was rejected by the Bunten (The Japan Art Academy Exhibition) four times, until one of his paintings was finally accepted in 1928. However, by this date, his attention had shifted away from oil painting to the traditional Japanese art of woodblock printing.

Quotations of Shiko Munakata

"Like the vastness of space, like a universe unlimited, untold, unattainable, and inscrutable- that is the woodcut."

"The nature of the woodcut is such, that even a mistake in its carving will not prevent it from its true materialization."

"The concern that it be ugly is characteristic of human thoughts and not of the woodcut itself."

"It is inherent in the woodcut that it can never be ugly."

"The woodcut, unconcerned with good and evil, with ideas, with differences, tells us that it consists of truth alone,"

"It is precisely the beauty of this which will further enlarge the limitlessness of the world of beauty."

(from Shiko Munakata, Munakata:
the “Way” of the Woodcut, Brooklyn, Pratt Adlib Press, 1961).

©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

へたくそだからいい - unskillful is just right

source :　xxx

His eyesight was very bad and he had to lean heavily over his artwork to see what he was doing.

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Daruma Whiskey Bottle

. Suntory Old サントリーオールド Daruma .

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南無不動明王 Namu Fudo Myo-O
Thinking of the victims of the catastrophy on March 11.
source :　松謡堂文庫

. Japan after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011　.

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. Fellow Pilgrims .

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12/21/2011

Kaneda Sekijo

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Kaneda Sekijo 　金田石城　
Kaneda Sekijoo, Kaneda Sekijyo 書道家

born 1941
Iwaki, Fukushima

source : www.anyouji.or.jp/Sekijyo.html

Folding screen at Temple Anyoo-Ji 安養寺 Anyo-In

『墨の魔術師』『書道界の鬼才』

Homepage of the Artist
source : www.sekijyokaneda.com

金田石城（かねだせきじょう、1941年 - ）
は、福島県いわき市出身の書道家。埼玉県さいたま市在住。

全日本書道芸術院主宰。『墨の魔術師』『書道界の鬼才』の異名を得る前衛的な書道家として知られる。テレビドラマ、映画等の題字なども多く手がける。書行50年超。

©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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source :　takasaki.keizai.biz
高崎で書道家・金田石城さんの作品展
December 11, 2011

高崎名物の縁起だるまを描いたびょうぶを同小学校、高崎市に寄贈する。

Suzunari no Daruma 鈴なりのだるま Takasaki Daruma
This folding screen will be given as offering to a local school in Takasaki.

. byoobu 屏風 portable　screens, byoobu 屏風 .
with Daruma

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THE WORLD OF SEKIJO KANEDA’S CREATION

- Reference -

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10/14/2011

Seated Buddha Statues

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Statues with seated Buddhas (zazoo　座像)

Hanka fumisage position 半跏踏下坐

半跏踏み下げ

不動明王のフィギュア Modern Fudo Myo-O Figure

On this link there is also a green Fudo in this position, which is different from the usual seated positions of Fudo Myo-O, especially different from the famous seated statue at the temple Toji (東寺) in Kyoto and quite unusual for a statue of Fudo Myo-O.
source : kazu_san

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source : Mariusz Szmerdt. facebook

. Daruma by Mariusz .

Reference : Sumie from Poland .

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This is maybe the most famous statue in this position.
Miroku is silently and quietly pondering how to save the world and all creatures on it, now and in the future.

source : 仏像マニアックス

Chuuguuji 中宮寺－菩薩半跏像 Miroku Bosatsu 弥勒菩薩
Temple Chugu-Ji in Nara

. Miroku Bosatsu 弥勒菩薩 Maitreya . 　

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Statues with seated Buddhas (zazoo　座像)　

Seated statues usually present a great quietude and serenity. The Nyorai are all seated in deep meditaion.
Crossed legs in the full louts position (kekka fuza　結跏趺坐) or
half-lotus position (hanka fuza　半跏趺坐).

source :　uchiko yoga

gooma za 降魔坐 - the left leg is uppermost
kichijoo za 吉祥坐 - the right leg is uppermost

Half-crossed legs (rinnooza 輪王坐 )
The right knee is raised.

Example: Wish-fulfilling Kannon.

Seated on a throne with both legs (izoo　倚像, iza 倚坐) or
one leg hanging down (hanka fumisage　半跏踏下坐, hanka iza 半跏倚坐).
This form is most popular with statues of Ten deities and priests.

zenka iza 善跏倚坐 both legs down

Somethimes both legs are down and crossed at the ankle
(kookyakuzoo　交脚像).
This version is typical for China and seldom seen in Japan.

Example: Miroku Bosatsu　弥勒菩薩

A special placement is the "Kannon placing her soles together"
(ashizuri Kannon 足摺観音）
like both hands in prayer.

source :　city.kanuma.tochigi.jp

Example: From Kanuma Town in Tochigi 鹿沼市. Important cultural property.
The wooden statue is about 63 cm high.

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Sitzende Figuren (zazoo　座像)　

Sitzende Figuren drücken im allgemeinen eine große Ruhe aus.
Meist zeigen sie einen Nyorai in tiefer Meditation. Gekreuzte Beine im vollen (kekka fuza　結跏趺坐) oder halben (hanka fuza　半跏趺坐) Lotussitz.

"Halbverschränkungssitz": Sitzend mit dem rechten Knie nach oben aufgestellt (rinnooza 輪王坐 ) wie die Wunscherfüllende Kannon.

Auf einem Podest sitzend mit beiden (izoo　倚像) oder
einem Bein nach unten (hanka fumisage　半跏踏下坐).
Diese Formen finden sich häufig bei Ten- und Priesterfiguren.

Manchmal sind die Beine nach unten hängend überkreuzt (kookyakuzoo　交脚像); diese Version ist typisch fuer China und findet sich kaum in Japan.

Eine besondere Figur ist die "Fußreibende Kannon" (ashizuri Kannon 足摺観音）:
Beide Fußsohlen sind aneinandergelegt, wie die Hände im Gebet.

. Buddhastatuen ... Who is Who .
Kurze historische Übersicht
und
Allgemeines über Statuen
Gabi Greve　

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external LINK
source : deepkyoto

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Fudo Myo-O - Introducing Japanese Deities

12/31/2013

ENTER ... Fudo Myo-O

12/30/2013

Japanese Deities

12/29/2013

Fudo Myo-O Introduction

12/28/2013

19 Signs

2/08/2012

Bosatsu Bodhisattva

1/22/2012

Kozuke Province

12/24/2011

Munakata Shiko

12/21/2011

Kaneda Sekijo

10/14/2011

Seated Buddha Statues

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