koohai mandorla

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koohai, kōhai 光背 mandorla, halo, Nimbus


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- quote
kouhai　光背
Halo found on Buddhist images, representing light said to be emitted by the Buddha *gokou 後光. In sculpture, a wooden or metal kouhai was attached to the back of the figure, sometimes decorated in openwork *sukashibori 透彫.

Kouhai were used in Japan from the Asuka period, usually made of bronze or gilt bronze, and were named according to their shape and design. One of the earliest examples is the halo on the Shaka sanzonzou 釈迦三尊像 (623) in Houryuuji 法隆寺, which is known as ikkou sanzon kouhai 一光三尊光背 (the single-light triad halo, see *ikkou sanon 一光三尊), because all three figures of the triad are enclosed in a single halo. The halo surrounds the figures completely *kyoshinkou 挙身光 and has a pointed top, giving it the name *funagata kouhai 舟形光背 (the boat-shaped halo).

Individual standing figures of the same period had round halos *enkou 円光 as on the Four Heavenly Kings, Shitennou 四天王 in Houryuuji *Kondou 法隆寺金堂, or jewel-shaped halos *houjugata kouhai 宝珠形光背, like that of the Kudara Kannonzou 百済観音像 in Houryuuji Daihouzouden 法隆寺大宝蔵殿.

In the Tenpyou period, the double-round halo *nijuu-enkou 二重円光 became popular. A round head-nimbus *zukou 頭光 is attached to a round body-nimbus *shinkou 身光, as on the Miroku Bosatsu 弥勒菩薩 in Houryuuji Daihouzouden 法隆寺大宝蔵殿.

Halos decorated with Chinese foliage design *karakusamon 唐草文 and a thousand miniature buddhas senbutsu kouhai 千仏光背 were also produced in the Tenpyou period. A good example is *Rushanabutsu 盧舎那仏 (779) in Toushoudaiji 唐招堤寺, Nara.

In the Heian period halos with a decorated base *koukyaku 光脚 became popular. *Ten 天 and *Myouou 明王 Myo-O figures had halos with flame designs *kaen kouhai 火焔光背.

The earliest examples of wooden halos *itakouhai 板光背 date from the late 9c, and these were often painted with flames, karakusamon, and small manifestations of buddha *kebutsu 化仏, as on the Shaka ryuuzou 釈迦立像 in Murouji 室生寺, Nara. In the 12c nijuu enkou were surrounded by a large outer boat-shaped halo of openwork flying apsaras figures *hiten kouhai 飛天光背. The model for this style was the Amida Nyoraizazou 阿弥陀如来坐像 (1053) by Jouchou 定朝 in Byoudouin 平等院, Kyoto.

Other styles characteristic of the late Heian period were the single free-standing ring *rinkou 輪光 like that of the *Kichijouten 吉祥天 in Joururiji 浄瑠璃寺, Kyoto, a halo with radiating spokes like a wheel, houshagata kouhai 放射形光背, seen on the Amida Nyoraizou in Kanzeonji 観世音寺, Fukuoka prefecture; and the *mibu kouhai 壬生光背 named after the Jizou Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 in Mibudera 壬生寺, Kyoto (now lost).

In the Kamakura period various designs of kouhai with openwork decoration continued to be produced, as well as halos decorated with small figures representings the followers of Buddha *kenzoku 眷属, as on the central Senju Kannon 千手観音 in Rengeouin 蓮華王院, Kyoto. Another form of halo called *ensoukou 円相光 enclosed the nijuu ensou in a large outer circle, often seen on Aizen Myouou 愛染明王 figures (1247), for example in Saidaiji 西大寺, Nara.
- source : JAANUS



Mibudera 壬生寺 Temple Mibu-Dera
. mibu koohai　壬生光背 halo of the Mibu type .

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source :　menamomi.net/miyazima

at Miyajima, Daigan-Ji 大願時, made by 松本明慶 Matsumoto Myokei
About 4 meters high and 6 tons heavy

. Matsumoto Myookei 松本明慶 Matsumoto Myokei .

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kaen koohai, kaen koohai 火焔光背 halo with flames



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karura kaen koohai  迦楼羅（カルラ）火焔光背
halo with flames and the Garuda bird


source :　www.butuzou-s.com



source :　toyama.areablog.jp/blog





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karura-en 迦楼羅焔（かるらえん)
ka-en koo 火炎光, Karura enkoo 迦楼羅円光

Fudo with a winding flame halo
火炎巻後背不動明王

. Garuda Bird, Karura 迦楼羅 and Fudo .


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kaentsuki rinpookoo　火焔付き輪宝光
round halo with flames



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Nimbusformen (Heiligenschein; koohai 光背)

"Die aus der heiligen Gestalt hervorbrechende, die welterhellende Macht der absoluten Weisheit und des Buddhawesens symbolisierende Ausstrahlung des magischen, vielfarbigen Buddhalichtes." [Seckel]

Flammen-Nimbus (kaenkoo　火焔光, kaentsuki rinpookoo　火焔付き輪宝光)
Spezieller Flammen-Nimbus eines Myo-O und der Wunscherfüllenden Kannon. Flammen auch in Form von Wellen, Arabesken oder Wolken. Die Flammen bringen Helle in die Dunkelheit des Unwissens. Meist für Statuen der niederen Gottheiten des esoterischen Buddhismus.

Nimbus mit Flammen in Vogelform カルラ光背
Eine Sonderform ist der Garuda-Nimbus (Karura enkoo) des Fudo Myo-O, bei dem einige Flammen die Form des Garuda-Vogels annehmen.

. Buddhastatuen ... Who is Who - Gabi Greve . 　


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. - Join Fudo Myo-O on facebook - Fudō Myō-ō .

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims .


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