- BACKUP - Kobo Daishi Tsugaru

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The main entry is here

http://gokurakuparadies.blogspot.jp/2014/10/kobo-daishi-tsugaru.html








BACKUP only, October 2, 2014
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津軽弘法大師霊場 Kobo Daishi Pilgrims in Tsugaru



. Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師　空海 . (774 - 835) .
Founder of Shingon Mikkyo 真言宗. Introduced Fudo Myo-O to Japan.

. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .



. Chisha Daishi 智者大師 Chisha Shonin (538 - 597) .
and his disciple Saint Enchi 円智上人 / 圓智上人 Saint Enchi

Enchi had made the vow to promote Shingon Buddhism in the Northern parts of Japan and worked a lot near Tsugaru Azumayama 津軽阿津摩山, where he built a small retreat to venerate Dainichi Nyorai 大日坊.
He build five Shingon temples in Tsugaru 津軽真言五山 and found his last meditating place at the temple 最勝院.

The five Shingon temples of Tsugaru are (in the pilgrimage below)

01 - 最勝院（田町現在銅屋町）- Saisho-In
06 - 久渡寺（旧小沢村現在坂元) - Kudo-Ji
07 - 橋雲寺（岩木町植田）- Kyoun-Ji
09 - ?百澤寺 / 百沢寺（岩木町百沢の現在 岩木山神社）- Hyakutaku-Ji -Iwakisan Jinja
- - - - - 岩木山　求聞寺（いわきさん　ぐもんじ） Iwakisan Gumon-Ji
23 - 国上寺（碇ヶ関村古懸）- Kokujo-Ji


. Tsugaru San Fudoo 津軽三不動 Three Fudo Statues in Tsugaru .
All three statues in Tsugaru are said to have been carved of one large tree.
As brothers, Nagaizawa is the eldest, Nakano the middle and Kogake the youngest brother.
All three statues have been carved in 610 by the Chinese priest Enchin.

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津軽弘法大師霊場 - Tsugaru Kobo Daishi Reijo
Pilgrimage to 23 Kobo Daishi temples in Tsugaru

第一番札所　金剛山　最勝院 Saisho-In （こんごうざん　さいしょういん）- Saisho-In
第二番札所　北門山　大王寺（ほくもんざん　だいおうじ）
第三番札所　弘前高野山　法光院（ひろさきこうやさん　ほうこういん）
第四番札所　鷹揚山　不動寺（おうようざん　ふどうじ） Fudo-Ji
第五番札所　成田山　弘前寺（なりたさん　こうぜんじ）

第六番札所　護國山　久渡寺（ごこくさん　くどじ）
第七番札所　行峯山　覚應院（ぎょうほうざん　かくおういん）
第八番札所　愛宕山　橋雲寺（あたごさん　きょううんじ）
第九番札所　岩木山　求聞寺（いわきさん　ぐもんじ）
第十番札所　五色山　聖心寺（ごしきさん　せいしんじ）

Nr. 11 西の高野山　弘法寺 Kobo-Ji - Koyasan of the West
第十二番札所　春光山　圓覚寺（しゅんこうざん　えんがくじ）
第十三番札所　成田山　大善院（なりたさん　だいぜんいん）
第十四番札所　大峰山　蓮正院（おおみねさん　れんしょういん）
第十五番札所　元城山　照法寺（げんじょうざん　しょうほうじ）

第十六番札所　高野山　青森別院（こうやさん　あおもりべついん） Koyasan Aomori Betsu-In
第十七番札所　成田山　青森寺（なりたさん　せいしんじ） Seishin-Ji
第十八番札所　浅虫高野山　陸奥護國寺（あさむしこうやさん　むつごこくじ）
第十九番札所　朝日山　常福院（あさひやま　じょうふくいん）
第二十番札所　愛宕山　地蔵院（あたごさん　じぞういん）

第二十一番札所　赤倉山　金剛寺（あかくらさん　こんごうじ）
第二十二番札所　神岡山　大圓寺（じんごうざん　だいえんじ）
第二十三番札所 古懸山　國上寺 (こがけさん　こくじょうじ） Kokujo-Ji

- source : kouboudaishi.main.jp



Map of the pilgrimge and further details
- source : kouboudaishi.main.jp/wp

under construction
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01 - . Saishoo In 最勝院 Saisho-In . - Hirosaki
Nekotsuki Fudo 猫突 Fudo stabbing a Monster Cat


02 - 　北門山　大王寺（ほくもんざん） Daiooji 大王寺 Daio-Ji
--- 本尊は鯵ヶ沢の海中より出でし不動明王 Fudo Myo-O

03 - 法光院 Hoko-In


04 - 　鷹揚山　不動寺（おうようざん） Fudo-Ji


05 - 　成田山　弘前寺（なりたさん) Koozenji 弘前寺 Kozen-Ji
--- Narita San, for Hatsu Fudo 初不動 visit

06 - 久渡寺 Kudo-Ji


07 - 　行峯山　覚應院（ぎょうほうざん） Kakuooin 覚應院 Kakuo-In
--- 家老喜多村氏が茶臼館に不動尊を安置 Fudo Myo-O


08 - 橋雲寺 Kyoun-Ji

09 - 求聞寺 Kumon-Ji

10 - 聖心寺 Seishin-Ji

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11 - . Koobooji 弘法寺 Kobo-Ji .
青森県つがる市木造吹原屏風山１-２４４
Byōbuzan-1-244 Kizukuri Fukihara, Tsugaru


o-yasumi Daishi お休み大師 Kobo Daishi taking a rest.

This is taken from the legend that Kobo Daishi on his pilgrimage in Shikoku once could not find a lodging for the night and had to rest below a bridge.
To our day the Henro pilgrims do not use their walking stick and carry it carefully when passing a bridge, so as not to awaken the sleeping Kukai.
There is a special small hall for this statue in the compound.

The prayer here is
ゆきなやむ 浮世の人を 渡さずば
一夜も十夜の 橋と思ほゆ



An amulet of the Sleeping Daishi !
(for 200 Yen)

Statue of Kobo Daishi in the garden


The two komainu real dogs at his feet wear red bonnets.

source and more photos :　sadistic yuki 10

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- another Kobo-Ji 弘法寺 in Kagoshima
鹿児島県鹿屋市串良町下小原４６７９－１
4679-1 Kushirachō Shimoobaru, Kanoya-shi, Kagoshima
with 5 Great Myo-O 五大明王
本尊：大日如来　脇侍：弘法大師、不動明王）
- source : www2.synapse.ne.jp/koubouji

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12 - 圓覚寺 Engaku-Ji

13 - Naritasan 大善院 Daizen-In

14 - 蓮正院 Rensho-In

15 - 照法寺 Shoho-Ji

16 - 青森別院 Aomori Betsu-In


17 -　 . 成田山（なりたさん）Seishinji 青森寺 Seishin-Ji .


18 - 陸奥護國寺 Mutsu Gokoku-Ji

19 - 常福院 Jofuku-In

20 - 地蔵院 Jizo-In


21 - 赤倉山 Akakurasan 金剛寺 Kongo-Ji
? . Akakura Fudo waterfall 赤倉・不動滝 .
Akakuradake, Hakoda mountains ?


22 - 大圓寺 Daien-Ji


23 - . Kogakesan Fudoo-In Kokujooji 古懸山不動院国上寺 Kokujo-Ji .


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. Shikoku Henro Pilgrimage 四国お遍路さん　－ 四国八十八ヶ所 .
to 88 temples



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Kobo Daishi Reijo 弘法大師霊場 Kobo Daishi Pilgrimages in Japan



関東 -- Kanto
1 関東八十八ケ所
2 御府内八十八ケ所
3 多摩八十八ケ所
4 玉川八十八ケ所

北陸・中部 -- Hokuriku, Chubu
5 越後廿一ケ所 21 temples in Echigo
6 佐渡新四国八十八ケ所
7 甲斐百八ケ所 100 temples in Kai (Yamanashi)
8 美濃新四国八十八ケ所
9 伊豆八十八ケ所
10 知多新四国八十八ケ所

近畿 -- Kinki
11 三重四国八十八ケ所
12 摂津国八十八ケ所
13 淡路四国八十八ケ所

中国 -- Chugoku
14 美作八十八ケ所
15 広島新四国八十八ケ所
16 周防大島八十八ケ所

四国 - Shikoku
17 四国八十八ケ所 Shikoku Henro 88 temples
18 四国別格二十霊場
19 新四国曼荼羅 Shikoku Mandala
20 小豆島八十八ケ所

九州 - Kyushu
21 篠栗（ささぐり）八十八ケ所 - Sasaguri
22 九州八十八ケ所

- source : www.narutokanko.co.jp

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .

. O-Mamori お守り　Amulets and Talismans .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


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iPhone

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iPhone accessory 不動明王
sumaatofon スマートフォン smartphone
sumaho スマホ

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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iphones case


source :　item.rakuten.co.jp/umeharashop

不動明王 デザインケース!!



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source :　www.zazzle.co.jp/iphone4


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source :　a-zaka.shabado.jp


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source :　item.rakuten.co.jp/cnpshop

It comes in four different colors.
梵字シリーズiPhoneケース　カーン　不動

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source :　www.amazon.co.jp/iphone5


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source :　www.remus.dti.ne.jp

iPhone　壁紙

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My iPhone background.
- shared by William Sheehan, facebook


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. telephone card テレフォン　カード with Fudo Myo-O
tereka　テレカ phone card .


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gofu talisman

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gofu 護符 talisman, amulet
fuda　札 paper amulet

Amulets that carry the power of Fudo Myo-O.
Sold at temples dedicated to this deity.


- General Introduction :
. Shinsatsu 神札 , Mamorifuda 守り札 . 　

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source :　shugendo.org/content
Fudō-son Inori Kyō (不動尊祈り経) Fudo Prayer Sutra



source and more :　pt-watcher.blog.so-net.ne
From Meguro Fudo in Tokyo



厄除け - 魔除け - 不動尊札 yakuyke, mayoke - Fudo-Son
. Tenkooji 天光寺 Tenko-ji - 臼杵山 天光寺 .


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source :　www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~mahou-03



source :　shop.ginzatanaka.co.jp/shop
with real gold




source :　tenshyo.shop-pro.jp
開運 護符　不動明王





source :　www.amazon.co.jp
ゴールドカード護符 gold card amulet





source :　ameblo.jp/reddragon5014
Fudo and Dragon
神通力／財運・金運・人脈運・願望成就・自己実現
Super natural power / financial success, human networking power, goal achievement, self-actualization




. Pendants with KAAN 梵字ペンダント .
and more Fudo amulets

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shugobutsu 守護仏 protector deity,
guardian Buddha amulets



source :　www.amazon.co.jp

pure gold 滝田商店ブランド 純金






CLICK for more samples !

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Artwork by - source : Kintaro Ishikawa‎ - fb


. Namikiri Fudo Talisman .
Shooryuuji 青龍寺 Shoryu-Ji, Tosa Shikoku
A Fudo Pilgrim's temple


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Shin Daibutsu-Ji

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Shin Daibutsu-Ji　新大仏寺 New Daibutsu Temple
Iga town, Mie, Shin-Daibutsuji 三重県伊賀市富永1238




In 1180, Big Buddha in Todaiji Temple of Nara Pref was lost in a fire due to a war. To repair the statue, a lot of money was necessary. Todaiji Temple built seven temples to gather money from all over Japan.
One of seven temples is Shin-daibutsuji Temple.
source : kannon33.blogspot.jp


. Daibutsu and Hotoke . 　


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- source : Kunio Hoshizaki - facebook


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The Daibutsu Statue


This old temple is famous for its flowers during all seasons.





Busshukan 仏手柑　ぶっしゅかん）Fragrant hands of Buddha
fragrant amulet from Indian citrus fruit,
In the form of sweets.

MORE
Amulets from this temple


Rosary for the Tokai Pilgrimage 東海三十六不動尊　念数珠
This temple is Nr. 28.



amulet with the flames of Fudo Myo-O




Daishi Daranisuke medicine


交通安全　　Traffic safety
source : shindaibutsu/siteup


- Homepage of the temple
source : www.shindaibutsu.or.jp


- Pilgrimage
. 東海三十六不動尊霊場 Tokai 36 Fudo temples .

. Daranisuke 陀羅尼助 traditional medicine .

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. O-Mamori - Amulets and Talismans .


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Komyo-Ji Temple

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. Legends about 光明寺 Komyo-Ji temples .
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Temples named Koomyooji 光明寺 Komyo-Ji
Kōmyō-ji

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霊水山普門院光明寺 Fumon-In Komyo-Ji Tochigi
感満不動 Kanman Fudo


source : tennnennkozi

青銅不動明王坐像 Bronze statue of a seated Fudo Myo-O

The temple is located close to Ujiie (Uji-Ie) station
in Tochigi prefecture, Sakura Town.
栃木県さくら市氏家

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Maki Fudo Son 馬木不動尊光明寺



- reference source : komyoji-jp.com -
島根県出雲市馬木町1123 // 1123 Makicho, Izumo, Shimane


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. Tenshōzan Renge-in Kōmyō-ji 天照山蓮華院光明寺 .
Kanagawa, Kamakura
and the statues of wagen Jizoo 和顔地蔵 Wagen Smiling Jizo

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. Legends about 光明寺 Komyo-Ji temples .

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- #koomyooji #komyoji -
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Vishvakarman Bishukatsum

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Vishvakarman - Viśvákarma

"The Lord of the Arts,
Executor of a thousand Handicrafts,
the Carpenter of the Gods,
the most eminent of Artisans,
the Fashioner of all ornaments ...
and a great and immortal God..."




Viśvákarma ("all-accomplishing; all-creator", Tamil: Vicuvakaruman, Thai: Witsawakam) is the Hindu presiding deity of all craftsmen and architects.
He is believed by Hindus to be the "Principal Universal Architect", the architect who fabricated and designed the divine architecture of the Universe, the Lord of Creation.

Vishwakarma Puja (Birthday ritual)

Vishwakarma Day is celebrated to worship Vishwakarma, an Indian god.
It is celebrated in the month of September on 16th or 17th.

Visvakarma birthday is celebrated on two days under different names:

Rishi Panchami Dinam.
"Rishi Panchami Dinam" literally means ‘the day of the solidarity of five rishis.’
Visvakarma Jayanthi.
Vishwakarma Jayanthi is celebrated by all industrial houses, artists, craftsmen, and weavers.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Vishvakarma
Vishwabrahmin
(Sanskrit: विश्वकर्मा viśvá-karman "all-accomplishing; all-creator")

Vishwakarma created 5 Brahmas from each of his 5 face, they are
1. Sanaga Brahma Rishi,
2. Sanaathana Brahma Rishi,
3. Abhuvanasa Brahma Rishi,
4. Prathnasa Brahma Rishi,
5. Suparnasa Brahma Rishi,

in later mythology sometimes identified with Tvastr, he is the divine craftsman of the whole Universe (RV 10.81.3), and the builder of all the gods' palaces. Vishwakarma is also the designer of all the flying chariots of the gods, and all their weapons and divine attributes. He is said to have revealed the Sthapatyaveda or fourth Upa-veda, and presides over the sixty-four mechanical arts.

source : www.vishwakarma.net

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ヴィシュヴァカルマン(vishvakarman)
インド神話においてあらゆるものを設計したといわれる神。その意味はサンスクリット語で「全てをなすもの」「全知であるもの」である。
仏典では

毘首羯摩天・
自在天王・工巧天・巧妙天
などと漢訳されている。
©　More in the Japanese WIKIPEDIA !

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source :　www.kyohaku.go.jp
Kyoto National Museum

びしゅかつま【毘首羯磨】 Bishukatsuma


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source :　tamtom.blog44
Temple Toji, Kyoto 京都・東寺

自在天王（じざいてんのう) Jizai tennoo

大自在天王 Daijizai Tennoo
（シヴァ神) Shiva



. Gigeiten and Daijizaiten 伎芸天　・ 大自在天 .


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Rice Field Art

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Rice Field Art 田んぼアート　 tanbo aato


Plan for 2012 in Inakadate village, Aomori
田舎館（村）




Jibo Kannon and Fudo Myo-O 悲母観音と不動明王



The village uses 7 different types of rice, including 2 new ones, to produce the colors and patterns.

They have a special building with a high tower where you can enjoy the view from above.

source : www.vill.inakadate.lg.jp





I saw it on TV in June 2012, it looks quite impressive already.

Click on the image to see more.


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Rice field art has become quite popular in Japan. This is the 20th year in Inakadate village.

There has been Daikoku, Mona Lisa, Mickey Mouse, even the great wave of Hokusai in 2007!

Olympics 2020


. . . CLICK here for Photos !


quote
Tanbo art (田んぼアート, tanbo āto, also tambo āto) is a Japanese project in which people use rice of various types and colors to create a giant picture in rice fields.

In 1993, the people of Inakadate, Aomori were looking for a way to revitalize their village. Archaeological exploration led to a realization that rice had been grown in the area for more than 2000 years. To honor this history, the villagers started a rice field behind the town hall. With the paddy as a canvas, the villagers cultivated and used four different types of heirloom and modern strains of rice to create a giant picture in the field. To allow viewing of the whole picture, a mock castle tower 22 meters high was erected at the village office. In 2006, more than 200,000 people visited the village to see the art.

For the first nine years, the farmers created a simple picture of Mount Iwaki before going to more complex designs.

Following Inakadate's example, other villages such as Yonezawa in Yamagata prefecture, have started to create their own tanbo art.

Every April, the villagers meet and decide what to plant for the year. Prior to planting, farmers sketch out the designs on computers to figure out where and how to plant the rice. In 2007, 700 people helped plant rice.In Inakadate, the fields used are approximately 15,000 square meters. Agreements between landowners have allowed for larger pictures to be created.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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The silhuette of Matsuo Basho and a haiku !
松尾芭蕉のシルエットと俳句

蚤虱馬の尿する枕もと

Miyagi perfecture, Naruko Hot Spring, 2011
宮城県・鳴子温泉／2011.8.30
source :　tanbo/tohoku/naruko-sp


nomi shirami uma no bari suru makuramoto

fleas and lice
and a horse pissing
next to my pillow

. Matsuo Basho　松尾芭蕉 .




source :　www.iwanichi.co.jp
from a local newspaper in July 2013 - 緑のキャンバスに俳聖くっきり 平泉
Basho and Sora as "field art" 田んぼアート , rice art 「ライス・アート」


. Oku no Hosomichi - Hiraizumi .


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. WKD : Fields, rice fields, rice paddies (ta) . 　


. Hokusai, the Great Wave and the Tsunami in 2011.


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Bosatsu Bodhisattva

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Bosatsu 菩薩 　Bodhisattva



Bodhi = enlightened
Sattva = being, essence
The Compassionate Ones
Penultimate state before Buddhahood

Compassion is the defining characteristic of the Bodhisattva, whose highest aspiration is to save all sentient beings. The Bodhisattva concept is closely associated with Mahayana Buddhism, and has at least three distinct meanings. The Mahayana form in particular spread throughout Japan, thus most surviving Buddhist sculpture in Japan today belongs to the Mahayana tradition.

Read the details here :
source : - Mark Schumacher -


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Bosatsu Mandala


Individual Bosatsu introduced in the Daruma Museum

. The Bosatsu Group 菩薩 　 .


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芒から菩薩の清水流れけり
susuki kara bosatsu no shimizu nagare keri

from the pampas grass
the saint's pure water
flows


One year later, in 1809, Issa re-writes this

松風に菩薩の清水流れけり
matsukaze ni bosatsu no shimizu nagare-keri

wind through pines
pure bodhisattva water
flowing, flowing

in the pine breeze
the saint's pure water
flows

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue


There is a place called
Miroku Bosatsu no Shimizu 弥勒菩薩の清水
and above it
Sasa Shimizu 笹清水

at Mount Hotaka Yama 武尊山 in Gunma.

source : kakehashi


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松風にぼうたんの白菩薩かな
matsukaze ni bootan no haku bosatu kana

in the wind of the pines
a peony like a white
Bodhisattva

- Akegarasu sensei -

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B o s a t s u 　菩薩　(Bodhi-sattva)

Abkürzung des indischen Wortes Bodhi-sattva, japanisch:
bo dai sat ta = bosatsu.
Bedeutet Wesen, die nach oben zur Erleuchtung eines Buddha streben und gleichzeitig nach unten zur Errettung der Menschheit tätig werden (joogu bodai, gege shujoo).
Ein Bosatsu praktiziert Askese, um Buddha zu werden, bleibt aber einen Schritt vor diesem Ziel stehen, um zuerst alle Menschen zu erlösen. Dazu müssen die Bosatsu einen Askeseweg mit 10 Stufen überwinden (juuji) und vier Gelübde (shigu seigan) einhalten.

Bosatsu unterziehen sich einer strengen Askese mit sechs Vorschriften (rokuharamitsu, ropparamitsu; paaramitaas):

1. Almosen geben (fuse);
2. Einhalten der Vorschriften (jikai);
3. Beharrlichkeit (ninniku);
4. Energie (shoojin);
5. Meditation (zenjoo) und
6. Weisheit zur Erleuchtung (chie).

Ein Bosatsu, der alle diese Vorschriften beherzigt und dabei eine hohe Stufe erlangt, kann als Begleitfigur neben einem Nyorai stehen und wird im nächsten Leben sicher ein Buddha werden (fusho no bosatsu), z. B. Miroku.

Am besten bekannt in Japan sind Kannon und Jizoo, auch häufig als Stein-Statuen am Wegesrand zu finden. Bosatsu sind freundliche, hilfsbereite Gottheiten, die den Menschen in Not sofort direkt mit verschiedenen Mitteln und in den verschiedensten Inkarnationen zu Hilfe kommen.
Bosatsu finden sich als Begleitfiguren in Dreiergruppen mit Nyorai-Statuen.
Bosatsu wurde dann auch eine japanische Bezeichnung für besonders verehrenswerte heilige Priester oder japanische Gottheiten, z.B. wird der Asket En no Gyooja "Shinhen Daibosatsu (Jinpen Daibosatsu)" und der japanische Kriegsgott Hachiman "Hachiman Daibosatsu" genannt.
僧形八幡 soogyoo Hachiman, sogyo Hachiman, Hachiman as a Buddhist monk, Hachiman als buddhistischer Mönch.


Ikonografie:
Die Gestalt eines Bosatsu entspricht der des Prinzen Shakyamuni, bevor er sein Schloß verlassen hat, daher mit reichlich Schmuck an Brust (munakazari), Oberarmen (hisen), Hand- und Fußgelenken (wansen, sokusen); langes Perlengehänge um den ganzen Leib (yooraku).
Bei gegossenen Statuen werden diese Verzierungen mitgegossen, während sie bei Holzstatuen meist getrennt aus Metall gefertigt und angebracht werden.

Hoch aufgekämmte Haare bzw. ein Haarknoten (hookei) und Hohe Krone (Diadem) mit Blumenverzierungen (hookan, sanzankan, tenkan). Die Krone wird von einem besonderen Band (tenkandai) gehalten. Eine besondere Form ist eine bandartige Krone mit drei Zierteilen vorne und an beiden Seiten (sanmen tooshoku). In der Kamakura-Zeit wurden diese Hohen Kronen oft aus Metall gefertigt und einer Holzstatue aufgesetzt.

Viele Gewänder, z.B. schmales Tuch um die Brust, meist von der linken Schulter zur Mitte der rechten Körperseite (joohaku); wehende Schals über den Armen (tenne), langes Hüfttuch bzw. Wickelrock bis an die Fußknöchel (mo, kun), das aber nie über den Sockel hängt. Manchmal wird das Gewand über den Knien noch einmal mit einer Schleife zusammengebunden.

Drei Falten am Hals (sandoo). Über die Schultern herabhängende Haare (suihatsu). Immer milder Gesichtsausdruck; die einzige Ausnahme bildet die Pferdeköpfige Kannon, die einen furchterregenden Gesichtsausdruck zeigt.

Ein Bosatsu hält meist Gegenstände in den Händen (jimotsu), als Ausdruck dafür, daß er mit den verschiedensten Mitteln die Menschheit retten will, z.B. Lotusblüte, Wassergefäß mit Lebenswasser oder wunscherfüllendes Juwel.
Bosatsu-Statuen stehen im allgemeinen auf einem Lotussockel.
Im Unterschied zu Nyorai-Statuen können Bosatsu auch mehrere Köpfe und mehrere Gliedmaßen haben, um ihre vielseitigen Bestrebungen zur Rettung der Menschen zum Ausdruck zu bringen.


. Buddhastatuen ... Who is Who .
Ein Wegweiser zur Ikonografie
von japanischen Buddhastatuen
Gabi Greve




. rokuharamitsu 六波羅蜜 six paramitas,
six religious practices, roku haramitsu . 　　

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Kozuke Province

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The Buddhist Sculptures of Kozuke Province

source : ajw.asahi.com/article

Editor's Note:
The following articles are translations of reviews carried by the latest issue( No. 1393) of Kokka, a prestigious art magazine published in Japan. The publication, which specializes in old Japanese and Oriental art, was founded in 1889 by Tenshin Okakura, a well-known Japanese art critic and philosopher (1862-1913), among others. It is held in high esteem by researchers and experts aboard.


* * *


The Buddhist Sculptures of Kozuke Province

By HIROSHI OKABE
After Buddhism was first brought to Japan around the middle of the 6th century, it soon spread from the capital cities to the regional areas. Amidst this, the beginnings of Buddhist culture appeared in Kozuke province （centering on present-day Gunma Prefecture） during the latter half of the 7th century. Fragments of molded figurines excavated at Sannohai-ji, built in the 4th quarter of the 7th century and thought to be the ruins of Hoko-ji, are said to be scenes of the Jataka Tales that appeared on the first story of a stupa.

During the Nara period, according to a document known as the Kozuke no kuni kotai jitsurokucho, a gold colored seated figure of Shaka （S: Sakyamuni） with a figure height of 250 cm, and standing attendant figures of Monju （S: Manjusri） and Fugen （S: Samantabhadra）, with figure heights of 300 cm, plus Shitenno figures, were enshrined in the Kondo of Kozuke Kokubun-ji, established around the middle of the 8th century.

The earliest extant wooden Buddhist sculptures handed down in the Kozuke region date from the late Heian period onwards. The ichiboku-zukuri, or solid single block construction, figures dating from the 11th century consist of the
Standing Fudo Myoo at Soji-ji,
the Seated Fudo Myoo of Tokujo-ji,
the Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon of Onabuchi Kannondo, the Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon of Chokoku-ji, and the Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon of Nichirin-ji. In the next century, both single block construction and yosegi-zukuri, or joined hollow block construction, works appear. Typical examples from this period can be seen in the Jizo Bosatsu with Pendant Leg （S: Ksitigarbha） of Kongo-ji and the Standing Amida Nyorai figures of Choraku-ji and Iwamatsu Shoren-ji.

From the Kamakura period, early 13th century figures include the Sho-Kannon （S: Aryavalokitesvara） of Shobo-ji and the Amida Triad of Ko'on-ji. These works all continue the Fujiwara style of yosegi-zukuri, using hollow joined blocks of hinoki wood. By around the middle of the 13th century, Unkei-style images appear, such as the Standing Amida Nyorai of Fugen-ji and Kaikei-style images such as the Standing Amida Nyorai of Sozen-ji. From the latter half of the 13th century to the beginning of the 14th century, figures made in the front-back split yosegi-zukuri method appeared, such as the Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon of Sankoin, the hidden statue Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon of Chokoku-ji, the Standing Bato Kannon （S: Hayagriva Avalokitesvara） of Namezawa Kannondo, and the Yakushi Nyorai （S: Bhaisajya） of Otsubayakushido. On the other hand, from the 12th century onwards, when it seemed that lacquered and gilded yosegi-zukuri images completely dominated wooden images, there appears to be a concurrent and continuous production of single block construction images, such as the Shinto images at Mangyo-ji and Nitta Yoshisada at Soji-ji. Around the middle of the 13th century, various different sculptural methods began to develop in the area, such as the stone image Standing Fudo at Miyata, the bronze Senkoji-style Standing Amida Triads at Kiryu's Shoren-ji and other temples, the iron figure of a Seated Amida Nyorai at Zensho-ji, and the molded clay figure of the seated figure of Eicho Zenji at Choraku-ji. Of further note are the priest portrait sculptures at Nitta-no-sho Choraku-ji and the portrait of Shoshin Shonin at Hofuku-ji.

The two guardian figures at Myoo-in exhibit the baroque style of the Northern and Southern Courts period, while it is interesting to note that there is a fascinating glimpse of powerful, regional-style sculpture in the Muromachi period's production of the ever present technically proficient yosegi-zukuri which turned away from true sculpting.

During the Edo period, the mid-17th century Seated Amida Nyorai of Choraku-ji combines classical style with a pre-modern sense of added decorativeness. The majority of the works created during this period were small in scale, and they reflect the efficient creation of standardized forms. However, the great increase in the number of Buddhist images created conveys a sense of the deepening connection between people and Buddhist images.

The author is an art Historian(Japanese Art), Research Scholar of Buddhist Art Research Institute, Inc.

snip

Standing Fudo Myoo（S: Acalanatha)

Wood with white undercoating, polychrome and carved eyeballs
Fig.H. 99.5 cm
Soji-ji, Ota City

By TAKEO OKU
This image is noteworthy as one of the few standing images of Fudo, dating prior to Jocho. The honpa style of alternating high and low areas of drapery folds shows extremely shallow carving of the drapery folds. The thin chest, and face with slightly smaller than usual eyebrow and eye forms are all characteristic of images created in the first half of the 11th century.

Two features, namely the face turned to the right and the appearance of raised knees with skirt hems symmetrically arranged to the right and left of center, are all shared with two major examples of early period, pre-Jocho standing images of Fudo at Myoho-in and Taisan-ji. These two characteristics accord with the Standing Fudo depicted in the "Chuo-zu" of the Ninnokyo gohoshoson-zu said to be in the hand of Kukai. Thus it can be thought that the sculptural images of standing Fudo figures were created under the influence of this Chuho-zu image.

This figure is shown in walking pose with one foot raised. This pose is said to represent the function of this deity as a guide to the afterlife, and is modeled after such images as the Amida Nyorai in Cave 16 at the Anyue-Yuanjue Caves in Sichuan province, China. Prayers to Fudo were one element of Heian period Buddhist funerary rituals, and thus it is possible that this type of Fudo image was created for the role of guide for the deceased to the Pure Land.

The author is an art historian(Japanese art), Inspector at the Agency for Cultural Affairs


MORE DETAILS in this article ABOUT

Jizo Bosatsu （S: Ksitigarbha） with One Leg Pendant
Wood with lacquer, gilding and carved eyeballs
Kongo-ji, Ota City



Seated Amida Nyorai （S: Amitabha）
Iron
Zensho-ji, Maebashi City


Standing Amida （S: Amitabha） Triad
Gilt bronze
Shoren-ji, Kiryu City


Standing Eleven Headed Kannon （S: Ekadasa-mukha）
Wood with lacquer, gilding and crystal eyeballs
Sanko-in, Numata City



Figure Seated in a Chair, Traditionally Said to be
Nitta Yoshisada
Wood with traces of polychrome and crystal eyeballs
Soji-ji, Ota City


Seated Figure of Gessen Shinkai
Wood with original faded polychrome and later wodden eyeballs
Choraku-ji, Ota City



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Koozuke no Kuni 上野国 Kozuke - now mostly 群馬県 Gunma prefecture


Nitta Yoshisada
(1301 – August 17, 1338)
was the head of the Nitta family in the early fourteenth century, and supported the Southern Court of Emperor Go-Daigo in the Nanboku-chō period, capturing Kamakura from the Hōjō clan in 1333.

. Temple Kinryuji 金竜寺, Ota town, Gunma .

. Yoshisada Nitta　新田義貞 - Kamakura .


- quote -
Kanayama Castle (金山城 Kanayama-jō),
also known as Ōta Kanayama Castle and
as Nitta Kanayama Castle,
is a yamashiro (castle sited on a hill) located on top of Mount Kanayama in Ōta, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.
Kanayama Castle was built in 1469 by Iwamatsu Iezumi. In 1528, a retainer of the Iwamatsu Clan, Yokose Narishige (his family later changed their name to Yura), began ruling over it. The castle withstood sieges by Uesugi Kenshin in 1574, Takeda Katsuyori in 1580, and Satake Yoshishige in 1583. The Hōjō clan captured the lord of Tatebayashi Castle, Nagao Akinaga, and Yura Kunishige. The two brothers gave the Hōjō Kanayama Castle, under the condition that he be released. In 1590, as part of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's campaign against the Hōjō, Kanayama Castle was seized by Maeda Toshiie. Following this, the castle was abandoned and never used again. The castle's ruins (which have partly been restored) are currently maintained by the City of Ota.
It was long believed
until 1965 that the tenshu (keep) of Kanayama Castle was moved to Inuyama Castle by Ishikawa Mitsuyoshi in 1559. Such theory was disapproved as a result of examination through a large scale restoration work, involving the dismantling of the donjon of Inuyama Castle, carried out between 1961 and 1965.
- source : wikipedia -

- Kanayama Castle 金山城
- source : jcastle.info/castle/profile -

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#kozuke #nittayoshisada
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